Vitamin D status and vascular dementia due to cerebral small vessel disease in the elderly Asian Indian population
Journal of the Neurological Sciences, Online: October 30, 2015, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2015.10.050
Puttachandra Prabhakar, Sadanandavalli Retnaswami Chandra, Manjunath Supriya, Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandrajit Prasad, Rita Christopher rita.nimhans at yahoo.com
Highlights
•Vitamin D deficiency is associated with 2.2-fold increase in odds of vascular dementia due to cerebral small vessel disease.
•In hypertensives with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, the odds were found to be 30.6-fold and 14.4-fold, respectively.
•Screening for vitamin D status could help in reducing the risk of VaD due to cerebral SVD.
Vitamin D plays vital roles in human health and recent studies have shown its beneficial effect on brain functioning. The present study was designed to evaluate the association of vitamin D with vascular dementia (VaD) due to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in Asian Indian population. 140 VaD patients aged ≥60 years with neuroimaging evidence of SVD, and 132 age and gender-matched controls, were investigated. Vitamin D status was estimated by measuring serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D.
Logistic regression model revealed that deficient levels of vitamin D (<12 ng/ml) were associated with 2.2-fold increase in odds of VaD after adjustment with covariates.
Hypertension was independently associated with 11.3-fold increased odds of VaD. In hypertensives with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (12–20 ng/ml), the odds were increased to 31.6-fold and 14.4-fold, respectively.
However, in hypertensives with vitamin D sufficiency (>20 ng/ml), the odds of VaD were increased by 3.8-fold only. Pearson correlation showed that serum vitamin D was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = −0.401 and −0.411, p < 0.01, respectively) in vitamin D-deficient subjects. Since the combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increases the probability of developing VaD, screening for vitamin D status in addition to regular monitoring of blood pressure, could reduce the risk of VaD associated with cerebral SVD in the elderly Asian Indian subjects.
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