There are 2 concurrent pandemics – COVID-19 and Vitamin D deficiency – May 13, 2020

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Scientific Strabismus' or Two Related Pandemics: COVID-19 & Vitamin D Deficiency

Br J Nutr. 2020 May 12;1-20. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520001749
Murat Kara 1, Timur Ekiz 2 timurekiz at gmail.com, Vincenzo Ricci 3, Özgür Kara 4, Ke-Vin Chang, Levent Özçakar 1
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

World Health Organization announced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak to be a global pandemic. The distribution of community outbreaks shows seasonal patterns along certain latitude, temperature, and humidity i.e. similar to the behavior of seasonal viral respiratory tract infections. COVID-19 displays significant spread in northern midlatitude countries with an average temperature of 5-11 °C and low humidity. Vitamin D deficiency has also been described as pandemic, especially in the Europe. Regardless of age, ethnicity, and latitude; recent data showed that 40% of the Europeans are vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L), and 13% are severely deficient (25(OH)D <30 nmol/L)
A quadratic relationship was found between the prevalences of vitamin D deficiency in most commonly affected countries by COVID-19 and the latitudes.
   Note: This equation does not appear to be in the text
Vitamin D deficiency is more common in the subtropical and midlatitude countries than the tropical and high latitude countries.
The most commonly affected countries with severe vitamin D deficiency are from the subtropical (Saudi Arabia; 46%, Qatar; 46%, Iran; 33.4%, Chile; 26.4%) and midlatitude (France; 27.3%, Portugal; 21.2% and Austria; 19.3%) regions.
Severe vitamin D deficiency was found to be nearly 0% in some high latitude countries (e.g. Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Netherlands).
Accordingly, we would like to call attention to the possible association between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality pertaining to COVID-19. Given its rare side effects and relatively wide safety, prophylactic vitamin D supplementation and/or food fortification might reasonably serve as a very convenient adjuvant therapy for these two worldwide public health problems alike.

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References

References

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46. Schleicher RL, Sternberg MR, Looker AC, et al. National estimates of serum total 25– hydroxyvitamin D and metabolite concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the US population during 2007-2010. J Nutr. 2016; 146: 1051-61.
47. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, Bhattoa HP. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients. 2020;12.pii: E988. doi: 10.3390/nu12040988.
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COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D - studies, reports, videos (in VitaminDWiki)

As of Jan 19 had:  34 trials,  4 trial results,  12 meta-analyses and reviews,   44 observations,   24 recommendations,   41 associations,  83 speculations,  36 videos   see also COVID-19 and Vitamin D:   Governments.   Health problems.   Hospitals

Top Vitamin D and COVID-19 recent updates

• Elderly COVID-19 patients getting 400,000 IU of vitamin D had better survival (Italy, April)– Jan 14, 2021
• Vitamin D-COVID interview by Dr. Campbell of Davies (member of UK Parliament) - Jan 17, 2021
• Iranians with COVID-19 were 2.3 X more likely to die if low vitamin D – Jan 2021
• Many COVID-19 risks are associated with low vitamin D (7 studies) – Systematic Review Jan 2021
• 40 ng of Vitamin D to fight COVID 15K to 50K weekly or 100K monthly - Spanish Jan 2021
• Poor COVID-19 prognosis was 6 X more likely if low vitamin D – Jan 21, 2021
• Unraveling the roles of vitamin D status and melanin during COVID-19 (Review) Jan 11
• 30 x fewer COVID-19 deaths in those getting 400,000 IU of Vitamin D - Jan 2021
• 2.8 X fewer COVID-19 nursing home deaths if add 10,000 IU Vitamin D daily for a week (small observation)- Jan 2021
• 3.7 X less likely to die of COVID-19 if supplemented with Vitamin D - meta-analysis Jan 5, 2021
• COVID-19 test positive 4.5 X more likely if had low vitamin D test within 4 years – Jan 6, 2021
• Don’t Let COVID-19 Patients Die With Vitamin D Deficiency - Jan 5, 2021
• Less likely to test positive for COVID-19 if higher Vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 6, 2021
• Vitamin D reduces COVID-19 by 80 percent - anonymous meta-analysis - Jan 5, 2021
• COVID 19 Video - Drs. Seheult and Campbell : Lessons Learned and a Look Ahead - Jan 4
• Many drugs increase ACE2 and COVID-19 (176 page review) - Dec 2020
• Italian nursing home COVID-19 – 4X less likely to die if taking Vitamin D– Dec 22, 2020
• Take 50,000 IU of Vitamin D weekly before and after COVID-19 vaccination by VItaminDWiki
• COVID-19 lung infection upsets Vitamin D genes (so more or different form of Vit D is required) - Dec 22, 2020
• COVID-19 Disease and Vitamin D: A Mini-Review – Dec 15, 2020
• French Consensus – 200,000 IU of Vitamin D if get COVID-19 – Dec 22, 2020
• Rational approach to COVID-19: 50k-100k of Vitamin D weekly – Dec 2020
• Shift workers 2X more likely to get COVID-19 (low Vitamin D) - Dec 2020
• COVID-19 plus pneumonia in ICU with low vitamin D equaled Death - Dec 2020
• Excellent on-going analysis of Vitamin D and COVID-19 publications
• 7X less likely to die of COVID-19 if taking Vitamin D loading dose – Dec 11, 2020
• COVID-19 patients with low vitamin D had far fewer natural killer cells – Dec 2020
• COVID-19 Vitamin D: Overview of Evidence by Dr. Seheult (Video and transcript) - Dec 10, 2020
• 75 articles indicate that Vitamin D should fight COVID-19 – Evidence Review Dec 10, 2020
• COVID-19 Vitamin D: Overview by Dr. in Sri Lanka (Video and transcript) - Dec 8, 2020
• Vitamin D recommended to fight COVID-19 by 2 groups – Dec 7, 2020
• Vitamin D helps athletes while reducing their COVID-19 risk - Dec 4, 2020
• 5X more likely to test positive for COVID-19 if low vitamin D in previous 5 years (900,000 people) - Dec 4, 2020
• 5.8 X more likely to die of COVID-19 if low vitamin D - Systematic Review Dec 3, 2020
• Evidence of Vitamin D fighting COVID-19 etc. - take 4,000 IU if less than 20 ng (UK) – Dec 1, 2020
• 3.8 X higher risk of COVID-19 death if low vitamin D – Belgium Nov 25, 2020
• Hyperglycemic 2X more likely to have severe COVID-19 - Nov 2020 Diabetes
• COVID-19 protocol proposed in India includes Vitamin D - Nov 12, 2020
• A Medical School COVID-19 protocol includes Vitamin D for all phases – Marik Nov 2020
• Vitamin D has eliminated ICU COVID-19 in hospital in Dubai since June - Sept 26, 2020
• COVID-19 and Vitamin D: Health Authorities do not understand risk-reward – Nov 2020
• c19study.com/d has excellent synopsis of Vitamin D and COVID studies
  •   click to see 3 weeks in Nov 2020
• COVID-19 – Putative Roles of Vitamin D – Nov 2020
• Fight COVID-19 without drugs or vaccines, Vitamin D is the single most-studied way – Nov 2020
• Hospital COVID-19 observation: 7X more likely to live if more than 20 ng of vitamin D– Nov 19, 2020
• Higher vitamin D associated with fewer cases and deaths in India Nov 2020
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• COVID-19 defeated 3x faster by 420,000 IU Vitamin D nanoemulsion – RCT Nov 12, 2020
• 2X fewer COVID-19 deaths observed if infrequent vitamin D (2X more deaths if daily dose) – ClinicalTrial Oct 20, 2020
• Vitamin D and COVID-19 - observational studies found it helps, never hurts - Campbell Oct 31, 2020
• COVID-19 patients who happened to be taking Vitamin D did much better – Oct 27,2020
• 9X COVID-19 survival in nursing home if had 80,000 IU dose of vitamin D in previous month – Oct 2020
• Virtually no COVID-19 cases in countries having more than 30 ng of Vitamin D - Sept 17, 2020
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• Rate of COVID-19 test positive is 40 pcnt lower if high vitamin D (192,000 people) - Holick Sept 2020
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Intervention

Intervention Trial Summary Table

Details on #5 = COVIT-TRIAL Dec 27
Note: >70% of the RCT using Vitamin D to fight COVID-19 are using at least 100,000 IU during the first week

 

 

Trial Results

• 2X fewer COVID-19 deaths observed if infrequent vitamin D (2X more deaths if daily dose) – ClinicalTrial Oct 20, 2020
  • A Clinical Trial, not a Randomized Controled Clinical Trial
• COVID-19 defeated by calcifediol form of Vitamin D in Spain - pilot RCT Aug 29, 2020
• Severe COVID-19 not fought by vitamin D when given too late - RCT Nov 18, 2020

 

Virus meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews

• Many COVID-19 risks are associated with low vitamin D (7 studies) – Systematic Review Jan 2021
• Excellent on-going analysis of Vitamin D and COVID-19 publications not a formal publication
• COVID-19 Disease and Vitamin D: A Mini-Review – Dec 15, 2020
• 75 articles indicate that Vitamin D should fight COVID-19 – Evidence Review Dec 10, 2020
• 5.8 X more likely to die of COVID-19 if low vitamin D - Systematic Review Dec 3, 2020
• COVID-19 Scoping Review of Vitamin D finds lots of evidence, protocol to be used is unclear - Nov 26, 2020

 

Observe - Less likely to become infected

short URL to this section = https://is.gd/COVID_less

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• COVID-19 test positive 4.5 X more likely if had low vitamin D test within 4 years – Jan 6, 2021
• 3.8 X higher risk of COVID-19 death if low vitamin D – Belgium Nov 25, 2020
• 5X more likely to test positive for COVID-19 if low vitamin D in previous 5 years (900,000 people) - Dec 4, 2020
• 1 Rate of COVID-19 test positive is 40 pcnt lower if high vitamin D (192,000 people) - Holick Sept 2020
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• 2 COVID-19 increased: 3.5 if Ultra-Orthodox, 2.6X if dark skin (52,000 Israelis) - Sept, 2020
• 3 COVID-19 1.77X less likely if more than 20 ng of vitamin D (489 people) – JAMA Sept 2020
  • 1.8 X higher risk if <12 ng vs >30 ng - independent of sex, race
• 4 7X less likely to test COVID-19 positive if had more than 30 ng of Vitamin D (7,804 Israelis) - preprint July 3
  • and 20X less likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19
• UV provides the best explanation of COVID-19 variation in Italy (74 pcnt) – Nov 2020
• Vitamin D helps athletes while reducing their COVID-19 risk - Dec 4, 2020
• Vitamin D has eliminated ICU COVID-19 in hospital in Dubai since June - Sept 26, 2020
  • Peer-reviewed July 23 FREE PDF
  • Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study preprint
• 1.4X less risk of COVID-19 if had taken some Vitamin D (a US yes-no survey) – Nov 30, 2020
• COVID-19 defeated 3x faster by 420,000 IU Vitamin D nanoemulsion – RCT Nov 12, 2020
• COVID-19 antibodies 2.6 X more likely if had symptoms and low vitamin D (UK hospital staff)– Oct 5 2020
• Vitamin D Cuts SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rate by Half Mercola Sept 28
  • 47% lower SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate if > 50 ng vs < 20 ng
  • 58% lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 if > 30 ng vs < 30 ng
  • 2X higher risk of hospitialization if <30 ng
  • ICU patients got semi-activated Vitamin D - death rate dropped to 2% from 50%

Observe - Reduced Severity/Death

MORTALITY AND Virus (automatically updated):

• Poor COVID-19 prognosis was 6 X more likely if low vitamin D – Jan 21, 2021
• 2.8 X fewer COVID-19 nursing home deaths if add 10,000 IU Vitamin D daily for a week (small observation)- Jan 2021
• Italian nursing home COVID-19 – 4X less likely to die if taking Vitamin D– Dec 22, 2020
• Higher vitamin D associated with fewer cases and deaths in India Nov 2020
  • 
• Chinese COVID-19 study – 80 pct of severe cases had low Vitamin D, all asymptomatic cases had OK Vit D – Oct 13, 2020
• COVID-19 lung death 4X more likely in Iran if less than 25 ng of vitamin D – Oct 30, 2020
• COVID-19 patients who happened to be taking Vitamin D did much better – Oct 27,2020
• 9X COVID-19 survival in nursing home if had 80,000 IU dose of vitamin D in previous month – Oct 2020
• 15 studies indicating that Vitamin D fights COVID-19 - Dr. Grimes Oct 9, 2020
• Children infection by COVID-19 had much lower levels than controls Research Gate, Turkey Oct 2020
• 32X more likely to have severe-critical COVID-19 in Turkish hospital if Vitamin D deficient – Oct 5, 2020
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• Admission to COVID-19 ICU 1.7X more likely to have less than 20 ng of vitamin D – Sept 2020
• Vitamin D levels were NOT associated with COVID-19 severity - Sept 2020
  • ALL patients had < 20 ng of vitamin D.
  • Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19-A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry,
  • Hint: need >30 ng to get a benefit    doi: 10.3390/nu12092775
• Studies on Vitamin D and COVID-19 (11 categories) - Sept 20, 2020
• COVID-19 3.2X more likely to be severe if vitamin D deficient (80 patients) – Sept 22, 2020
• 14.7 X more likely to die of COVID-19 if less than 12 ng of Vitamin D (185 Germans) – Sept 10, 2020
• Vitamin D associated with less severe COVID-19 (Iran) - Aug 28, 2020
• Less COVID-19 at high altitude due to more Vitamin D or other possible reasons – July 2020
• Far fewer COVID-19 deaths in the summer (Europe, Canada) Aug 21
  • Death rates fell as vitamin D levels typically go up in the summer.
  • Many charts. 4 other possible reasons for the drop in death rates
• COVID ARDS deaths 2X more likely if less than 10 ng of Vitamin D – Aug 8, 2020
  • 
• Observations that Vitamin D, Zinc, and Selenium separately reduce COVID-19 – Aug 7, 2020
• Vitamin D Supplementation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Mayo Clinic Letter (Online June 6) Aug 5, FREE 2 page PDF
  • "In Slovenia, in view of COVID-19 pandemic, medical doctors were urgently advised by leading experts to supplement vitamin D in high-risk and fragile individuals and in COVID-19 patients"
• Russian Hospital observed 5X more likely to have severe COVID-19 if Vitamin D Deficient – Aug 2020
• Vitamin D Sufficiency Reduced Risk for Morbidity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients - Holick July 14
  • No COID19 deaths in a hospital if >41 ng and <80 years old
  • [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0239799&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+plosone%2FPLoSONE+%28PLOS+ONE+-+New+Articles%29|Peer reviewed publication] Sept 25
  • "We did observe that 6.3% of the patients who had a blood level of 25(OH)D of at least 40 ng/mL succumbed to the infection compared to 9.7% and 20% who died and had a circulating blood level above and below 30 ng/mL respectively. Thus, a blood level of at least 40 ng/mL may be optimal for vitamin D’s immunomodulatory effect. "
  • [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0239799.s001&type=supplementary|Nice 4 minute video by Dr. Holick] - unfortunately only recommends 1500 - 2000 IU for adults, which will take >6 months to get most people above 16 ng
  • 
• Evaluation of the Relationship Between Zinc Vitamin D and b12 Levels in the Covid-19 Positive Pregnant Women posted May 29
  • Exclusion Criteria: No vitamin D , Vitamin B12 or Zinc supplement use
• Clinical trial Arm1: Observe COVID-19 Deaths and Vitamin D levels in the UK trial completion June 2021
  • Arm2: Measure Vitamin D of patients in general practices and see if they get COVID-19 in the next 6 months (prevention)
• Clinical trial observing Vitamin D levels of 500 people in Spain at entry into ICU and recording outcomes hould have been completed July 2020
• Clinical trial to observe vitamin D levels of 100 COVID-19 Turks in hospital should have been completed July 2020
  • Bursa City Hospital, NCT04394390
• WHO 3 RCT for Vitamin D and COVID-19 as of May 27 (WHO not responding when asked for details)
  • NCT04386044 Investigating the Role of Vitamin D in the Morbidity of COVID-19 Patients 10/05/2020
  • NCT04334005 Vitamin D on Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 29/03/2020
  • ChiCTR2000029732 Impact of vitamin D deficiency on prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) 2020-02-10
• Clinical trial to measure Vitamin D status AND vitamin D genes of COVID-19 patients in Portugal Study completion date March 2021
  • No intervention, hope they consider genes not noticed by Vit. D tests: such as Vitamin D Receptor, CYP27B1

 

Vitamin D Dosing Recommendations for COVID-19

• 40 ng of Vitamin D to fight COVID 15K to 50K weekly or 100K monthly - Spanish Jan 2021
• UK Parliament discussing Vitamin D for COVID-19 Jan 14, 2021. mentioned 66 times - mainly 400 IU
• Take 50,000 IU of Vitamin D weekly before and after COVID-19 vaccination by VItaminDWiki
• French Consensus – 200,000 IU of Vitamin D if get COVID-19 – Dec 22, 2020
• Rational approach to COVID-19: 50k-100k of Vitamin D weekly – Dec 2020
• Vitamin D recommended to fight COVID-19 by 2 groups – Dec 7, 2020
• COVID-19 protocol proposed in India includes Vitamin D - Nov 12, 2020
• Covid-19 protocol includes Vitamin D and aspirin - Nov 27, 2020
• A Medical School COVID-19 protocol includes Vitamin D for all phases – Marik Nov 2020
• Evidence of Vitamin D fighting COVID-19 etc. - take 4,000 IU if less than 20 ng (UK) – Dec 1, 2020
• Clinical trials are proving that Vitamin D fights COVID-19 in hospitals by VitaminDWiki
  • Single dose of 200,000 IU
• Vitamin D should fight COVID-19 (but Irish Consortium recommends only 1,000 IU) – Nov 21, 2020
• 600,000 IU initially followed by 10,000 IU daily for 20 days Dr. Coimbra June 15, 2020
• French National Academy recommended 100,000 IU of Vitamin D to elderly to fight COVID-19 - May 2020
• COVID-19 probably fought by 40 ng of Vitamin D - quickly achieved with 200K-400K IU - Oct 28, 2020
• A single dose of 300,000 IU of vitamin D should fight COVID-19 for 2 months - Hypothesis - Aug 21, 2020
• Vitamin D recommended for COVID-19 – yet another study – July 17, 2020
• Massive Review of papers on Vitamin D and COVID-19 - July 3, 2020
  • 
• Portion of image from June 5 video (below)
  • 
• Parkinson's Disease patients who were taking Vitamin D were 0.56 X less likely to catch COVID-19 - June 2020
  • COVID‐19 in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Living in Lombardy, Italy:   https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28176
  • 
• Commentary: Myths and facts on vitamin D amidst the COVID-19 pandemic Metabolism, June 2, FREE PDF, peer-reviewed publication
  • "Preventive doses of vitamin D3 of 10,000 IU/day for 4 weeks followed by 5000 IU/day to reach a target 25(OH)D level of 100–150 nmol/L [24], and treatment doses >6000 IU/day in deficient individuals to reach a similar level and reduce disease progression [48], are suggested. ""
  • Comment: Strange that the treatment dose is less than the prevention dose. Note treatment dose will take > 3 months to help
    • Perhaps they meant the treatment dose to be 60,000 IU, not 6,000 IU
• Perspective: improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19 May 22 free PDF
  • If low: 50,000 IU twice a week at the diagnosis (100,000 IU total)., then 50,000 IU taken once a week for the 2nd and 3rd weeks.
    • Note: VitaminDWiki believes that this dosing is not large enough for prevention, much less treatment
• COVID-19 might be prevented in 2 months by 50,000 IU weekly – May 12, 2020
• for people who have not been taking any vitamin D BusinessWorld May 22 - by Dr Renu Mahtani in videos below
  • Vitamin D 60k IU twice a week for two weeks to be followed by 60k once a week for the next six weeks.
  • or Vitamin D 60k IU daily for three days to be followed by 60k weekly for the total period of two months.
  • Thus 480,000 IU total, No Vitamin D testing needed

Some people wanted improved immune systems, so took more vitamin D

• 2X to 10 X reduction in rate of preemies during COVID-19 in some countries NYT July 19
  • No mention about any possible increased Vitamin D sales in Denmark, Ireland, Calgary,
• Sales of vitamin D supplements up 3000% after Public Health England recommendation May 14
  • BBC reported a 6X decrease in % people dying of COVID-19 BBC June 16
  • 
    • "Wonder if increased D ==> fewer % of COVID-19 patients ended up dying: 6% ==> 1%. Noted also in Italy
    • Alternately, the decreased death rate of COVID-19 patients might be just due to more Vitamin D in the summer
    • 
• COVID-19 resulted in 3.7X decrease in Irish Very Low Weight Births (Vitamin D) - June 2020 Vitamin D sales had increased by 2500%
  • I expect to find many other observations of:
    • Fear of COVID-19 ==> Want to improve immune system ==> Take Vitamin D ==> Improved health
    • Candidate health concerns for which people have probably have heard about Vitamin D include:
      • Pregnancy, Asthma, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Cancer

COVID-19 associated with Low Vitamin D

• Many drugs increase ACE2 and COVID-19 (176 page review) - Dec 2020
• COVID-19 lung infection upsets Vitamin D genes (so more or different form of Vit D is required) - Dec 22, 2020
• Shift workers 2X more likely to get COVID-19 (low Vitamin D) - Dec 2020
• COVID-19 plus pneumonia in ICU with low vitamin D equaled Death - Dec 2020
• COVID-19 patients with low vitamin D had far fewer natural killer cells – Dec 2020
• Excessive insulin decreases vitamin D in 4 ways – problems for diabetic COVID-19 – Dec 2020
• UV provides the best explanation of COVID-19 variation in Italy (74 pcnt) – Nov 2020
• Vitamin D fighting COVID-19 meets all Bradford Hill Criteria - Nov 2020
• Magnesium (which increases vitamin D) may fight COVID-19 - Oct 2020
• Studies on Vitamin D and COVID-19 (11 categories) - Sept 20, 2020
• Low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients hospitalised with COVID‐19 are associated with greater disease severity July 3 FREE PDF
  • Has undergone peer review, 200,000 IU Vitamin D occasional dosing, 134 people
• Obesity, walking pace and risk of severe COVID-19: Analysis of UK Biobank preprint July 11
  • normal weight slow walkers were 2.5 more likely to get COVID-19
• Perspective: Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity - plausibly linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2, and thrombosis (R1) July 2020, FREE PDF
• ICU was 2X less likely for COVID-19 hospitalization if Vitamin D more than 20 ng – July 2020
• T1 Diabetic children with low vitamin D have COVID-19 problems (like diabetic adults) - preprint May 15
  • COVID-19: Considerations for Children and Adolescents with Diabetes
• COVID-19 deaths strongly correlated with percent having less than 10 ng of Vitamin D in a country– July 1 2020
  • 
  • 
• Pregnant women admitted to hospital with COVID-19 5X more often than non-pregnant women NYT June 24
  • 31% vs 6%. Note: NYT article is confusing. Note: Vitamin D levels drop during pregnancy
• The role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19: a brief survey of the literature - June 9, 2020 in VitaminDWiki
• Evidence Supports a Causal Model for Vitamin D in COVID-19 Outcomes – June 3, 2020 in VitaminDWiki
  • Founder of VitaminDWiki believes that Causal Modeling will replace many RCTs in the future
    • BIG DATA is far faster and lower cost than RCTs while being able to consider far more interactions
  • Model A: 16 predictions match observed data; 3 predictions cannot be determined.
  • 
• Obese have major problems with COVID-19 - probably due to lower vitamin D and higher ACE2 June 5, 2020
  • 2500 studies of Obesity and COVID-19 as of Sept 27
• Researchers show potential link between vitamin D and coronavirus NBC News Madison Wisconsin May 22
  • Reporting on the study from the University in that city - which is below
• Vitamin D for Covid-19? May 12 FREE PDF
• Perspective: improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19 European Journal of Clinical Nutrition May 12 FREE PDF
• Avoidance of vitamin D deficiency to slow the COVID-19 pandemic Martin Kohlmeier, BMJ, May 20 FREE PDF
• Vitamin D deficiency as risk factor for severe COVID-19: a convergence of two pandemics preprint May 5. updated May 18
  • 186 patients. Lower Vitamin D levels associated with worse COVID-19 only for males
  • 
  • Vitamin D levels   : all males at same hospital in 2019,       males in 2020 with COVID-19
  • 
• COVID-19 and vitamin D—Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention? Hrvoje Jakova, letter to the editor, May 1, FREE PDF
• [https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-30390/v1 |No COVID-19 patient in ICU had >20 ng, 4 had 12.5-20 ng, 13 had < 12.ng ] preprint May 22
• COVID-19 associated with low Vitamin D in more than 20 studies – May 21, 2020 BMJ reply
• Max Minute: How Much Does Vitamin D Help Against COVID-19? CBS News NYC Video May 19
• The Essential Role of Vitamin D in the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides May Explain Why Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Infections preprint May 16 (at least 10,000 IU daily)
• Vitamin D appears to play role in COVID-19 mortality rates Northwestern Univ. May 7
  • "Patients with severe deficiency are twice as likely to experience severe complications, including death"
  • "...statistical analysis of data from hospitals and clinics across China, France, Germany, Italy, Iran, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States."
• There are 2 concurrent pandemics – COVID-19 and Vitamin D deficiency – May 13, 2020
• Vitamin D Deficiency and ARDS after SARS-CoV-2 Infection Irish Medical Journal May 11
  • Analysis of 36 COVID-19 patients: Vitamin D status: (nmol) ARDS 27, pneumonia 41;
  • and, if <30 nmol. 3.2 X more likely to have intubation

Vitamin D levels are lower in those who test positive for COVID-19 -[doi:10.3390/nu12051359| Nutrients] May 09

• 
• [https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2020/05/08/vitamin-d-level-correlated-to-covid19-outcomes.aspx?cid_source=dnl&cid_medium=email&cid_content=art1HL&cid=20200508Z1&et_cid=DM527863&et_rid=867359477 |Vitamin D Level Is Directly Correlated to COVID-19 Outcome] Mercola May 8
  • Overview of many studies and video by Ivor Cummins
• [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200507131012.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Fhealth_medicine%2Fvitamin_d+%28Vitamin+D+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |Vitamin D linked to low virus death rate in 20 countries in Europe] Science Daily May 7
• [https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087965 |Evidence Supports a Causal Model for Vitamin D in COVID-19 Outcomes] May 6 preprint
  • Excellent extensive use of Causal Influence AI to discover associations.
  • I have suspected that Causal Influence could be much better, far lower cost, and faster than the use of RCTs
• [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3586555|Evidence of Protective Role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Radiation in Reducing COVID-19 deaths] preprint May 7
  • "permanent unit increase in UVI is associated with a 2.2 % decline in daily growth rates of cumulative COVID-19 deaths [p < 0.01]
  • as well as a 1.9 % decline in the daily growth rates of CFR [p < 0.05]
  • 64 countries, 78 days, 6 UVI models
• [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3593258#.XrE0oF1wSjU.twitter |Vitamin D Level of Mild and Severe Elderly Cases of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report] May 5
  • 176 seniors in S. Asia - published in India
  • 
• Almost everyone with COVID-19 in a Louisiana ICU had low vitamin D – April 29, 2020
• COVID-19 mortality rate highest North of 35 degrees latitude (Vitamin D) – April 20, 2020
• COVID-19 was 19X more likely if low vitamin D (may be invalid data)– April 2020 Philippines
  • The raw data has strange gaps in the vitamin D levels
  • 
• Research Suggests a Link Between Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Deaths May 5
• Indonesia preprint 13X if vitamin D insufficient,19X for patients who are vitamin D deficient.
  • VitaminDWiki has requested but has not yet access to the raw data
• COVID-19 infections associated with very low vitamin D – Turin Italy – March 2020

 

Speculation

• Unraveling the roles of vitamin D status and melanin during COVID-19 (Review) Jan 11
• Don’t Let COVID-19 Patients Die With Vitamin D Deficiency - Jan 5, 2021
• Vitamin D helps athletes while reducing their COVID-19 risk - Dec 4, 2020
• COVID-19 and Vitamin D: Health Authorities do not understand risk-reward – Nov 2020
• COVID-19 – Putative Roles of Vitamin D – Nov 2020
• Fight COVID-19 without drugs or vaccines, Vitamin D is the single most-studied way – Nov 2020
• Vitamin D and Covid-19 (June evidence) – Nov 2020
• COVID-19 deaths are proportional to previous interleukin-6 levels, Vitamin D lowers them – Nov 2020
• Vitamin D3 as Potential Treatment Adjuncts for COVID-19 Nutrients Nov 14
• Evidence Regarding Vitamin D and Risk of COVID-19 and its Severity - Oct 27, 2020
• COVID-19 fought by Vitamin D in 43 studies - Oct 15, 2020
• AI is examining 170,000 potential COVID-19 treatments, Vitamin D is one of only 6 found – Sept 4, 2020
• The benefits of Vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic: biochemical and immunological mechanisms Oct 8, behind paywall
• Vitamin D could knock out COVID-19 in 3 months – Dr. Matthews interview Oct 2020
• Studies on Vitamin D and COVID-19 (11 categories) - Sept 20, 2020
• Possible role of vitamin D supplementation in coronavirus disease 2019 - Sept 2020
  • Note how long standard publication takes - it was accepted (after peer review?) June 18
• WHO – Severe COVID-19 mortality reduced by hormones (should consider hormone D too) - Sept 2020
• COVID-19 Call to Action – eliminate Vitamin D deficiency – Manson Sept 1, 2020
• Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 (16 reasons) – Sept 1, 2020
• AARP features a news item on Vitamin D (and Zinc) and COVID-19 AARP Aug 17
  • Nothing new, but it is nice to see Vitamin D being highlighted
• Perhaps the Vitamin D deficiency pandemic caused the COVID-19 pandemic - Aug 17, 2020
• The Covid-19 pandemic is a Vitamin D Deficiency problem and is easy to solve – June 2020
• Mainstream Media Catching on to Vitamin D’s Impact on COVID - Aug 17, 2020
• Progesterone and ACE2 are possible reasons for fewer female COVID-19 deaths
  • 
• MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Vitamin D and COVID-19 in European Journal of Endocrinology Aug 1
  • 32 pages, 180 references, FREE PDF

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VIDEOS and PODCASTS

• tiki-index.php?page_id=12238Vitamin D-COVID interview by Dr. Campbell of Davies (member of UK Parliament) - Jan 17, 2021
• Dr. Mark Gordon Recommends for immune system/COVID-19 Jan 6, 15 minutes
  • 120,000 IU Vitamin D in a week + Quercetin + Zinc etc.    Joe Rogan show
  • This is one of 35 videos on Vitamin D and COVID-19 posted in the past week (in 6 languages)
• COVID 19 Video - Drs. Seheult and Campbell : Lessons Learned and a Look Ahead - Jan 4
• If You Get COVID 19: Optimize Immune System (Vitamin D, Monoclonal Antibodies, NAC, Quercetin etc.) Jan 2 Dr. Seheult
• COVID-19 Vitamin D: Overview of Evidence by Dr. Seheult (Video and transcript) - Dec 10, 2020
• COVID-19 and Vitamin D Dec 9, 2020 23 minutes, GERMAN, with captions in any language
• COVID-19 Vitamin D: Overview by Dr. in Sri Lanka (Video and transcript) - Dec 8, 2020
• Vitamin D and COVID-19: Video and PDF by Dr. Grant (includes recommendations)- Nov 25, 2020
• Video review by Dr. Campbell of Observation in India
• Vitamin D and COVID-19 - observational studies found it helps, never hurts - Campbell Oct 31, 2020
• Can vitamin D fight COVID-19 - interview of Dr. Matthews Oct 2020 with transcript
• UK parliament members starting to be interested in Vitamin D for COVID-19 – Oct 10, 2020 with transcript
• COVID-19 and Vitamin D – 3 minute video - Sept 2020 made by students at low cost, but with high content
• Interview of A Marteneau Aug 2, 36 minutes
  • 10X more needed for prevention trial as treatment trial, 400 IU might be useful in the UK
• Chris Masterjohn 33 minute Vitamin D and COVID-19 literature review Aug 14
  • " > 30 ng "in some way, shape, or form is associated with lower COVID-19 risk"
• Vitamin D looks very promising - Dr. Cambell July 27, 37 minutes
• High Fructose reduces Vitamin D needed to fight COVID-19 June 12, 2020 video, reviews many studies
• COMING OUT STRONGER FROM LOCKDOWN WITH VITAMIN D: A VITAMIN D MOVEMENT INITIATIVE Renu Mahtani and 3 others 13 minutes, June 5 - see her other video below.
  • "It is not an optional supplement, It is a non negotiable cellular necessity" 40 ng minimum
  • 
  • "Worrying about Vitamin D toxicity is like worrying about drowning when you are dying of thirst" Dr. Cannell
  • Anecdote: 50,000 IU daily for 10 days given to people who live with person infected by COVID-19 ==> prevented infection
• Rhonda Patrick on Joe Rogan May 17
  • Philippines: every standard deviation ==> 8 times more likely chance to have a mild
  • Indonesia: only 4% of patients with sufficient vitamin D died.
  • Blacks 2X as likely to die from COVID-19 than whites in England
  • Daily or weekly vitamin D reduced the risk of acute respiratory infection by more than 50%
  • Vitamin D normalizes ACE2 receptor levels in animals
• The Cheapest COVID-19 Therapy in the World May 24
  • 
• Doctor Mike Hansen - 2 nice videos discussing Vitamin D science and interaction with COVID-19
  • Vitamin D3, Vitamin D2 and Calcitriol May 21, 13 minutes    Does Vitamin D help with Immunity? May 30 13 minutes
• COVID-19 - Do You Need to Start Getting This Vital Nutrient? Mercola May 31
  • Video with Hollis, Wagner, and Baggerly of Vitamin D and COVID-19; a 2nd video of Wagner on the immune system
• Understanding—COVID-19: Actions For Mitigating Risks—Facts & Myths Sunil Wimalawansa, 90 minutes May 27
• Dr. Campbell (has daily COVID-19 videos) COVID-19 and Vitamin D May 9
• Dr. Coimbra: Vitamin D and COVID, 88 minutes in Portuguese May 1
  • Click here for transcript in many languages
• COVID-19 and Vitamin D 30 minute updated May 12, excellent, Renu Mahtani
  • previous version, taken down by YouTube, had 600,000 views, >2,000 comments
  • for people who have not been taking any vitamin D she recommends Business World May 22
    • Vitamin D 60k IU twice a week for two weeks to be followed by 60k once a week for the next six weeks.
    • or Vitamin D 60k IU daily for three days to be followed by 60k weekly for the total period of two months.
• Could Vitamin D Help with COVID-19 April 9 India
• Vitamin D against Viral Infections: Antiviral Nutrition 2020 (excerpt 3) by Dr. Alex Vasquez March 6, 8 minutes
• Vitamin D for respiratory infections April 18 Rishi Desai CDC Viral Infections
• Could Vitamin D Help with COVID-19? April 6
• Vitamin D and Immunity, Lots of Evidence April 15 Dr. Campbell
• Vitamin D normalizes the ACE2, which is the attachment point for COVID-19 virus Dr. Patrick Video April 12
  • Her video reviews about a dozen publications. Her description of the importance of vitamin D starts at 24:52
• Many videos by Sunil Wimalawansa April 12-- - , 5-10 minutes each
  • He is starting a Randomized Controlled Trial in Sri Lanka for COVID-19 treatment by Vitamin D - not described in the videos
  • 20: Vitamin D & COVID-19
  • 21: How does vitamin D reduce COVID-19 infection?
  • 22: What is ACE2 receptor, through which COVID-19 enters cells
  • 23: How does COVID-19 kill us?
  • 26: How does vitamin D reduce COVID-19 infection
  • 44: What have we learned during the past 2 weeks on COVID-19?
  • 45: How vitamin D help to attenuate COVID-19?
  • 48: Herd immunity and the importance of testing
  • 53 Reducing the severity of COVID-19 with vitamin D adequacy
  • 54: Tropical countries, warm weathwer, and lower deaths due to COVID-19
    • See also Video May 27 90 minute
• Dr. Eric Berg DC April 5 - one of his many vitamin D videos
• Take 100,000 IU of vitamin D, and again 3 months later to prevent COVID-19 Dr. Anderson March 22

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Groups which actively ignore Vitamin D possibility

• The Wellcome-Gates COVID-19 Accelerator initiative expressly prohibits funding for Vitamins.

Why/How Vitamin D both treats and prevents virus

• Coronaviruses attach to cells via ACE2, Vitamin D might reduce ACE2
• All previous Coronarvirus have been treated by Vitamin D
• Most enveloped virus are treated by Vitamin D
• Vitamin D can inhibit enveloped virus (e.g. Corona, Herpes, Zoster, Epstein, Hepatitis, Ebola) – March 2011
  • Also: cytomegalovirus, retrovirus-like HIV, Dengue, Yellow fever. Measles, Mumps, smallpox
  • The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections – Jan 2019
  • Influenza virus might be prevented and treated by Vitamin D, if no vaccination – Aug 2018
  • Influenza prevented by 40 ng levels or treated with vitamin D hammer (50,000 IU) – June 2015
  • Influenza of 1918 and vitamin D - July 2010 -an H1N1 that was strongly associated with low vitamin D
  • Dengue fever - 8X higher risk for getting worse if low vitamin D – Sept 2017
• Immune system is fortified by Vitamin D (other supplements help too)
• Colds and flu prevented and treated by Vitamin D - many studies

Short URL for this section = https://is.gd/covitamind

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25 most-recently changed items in Virus category in VitaminDWiki