Age and Gender Differences in the Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Stroke in the General US Population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2006.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017 Jul 11. pii: S1052-3057(17)30277-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.045. [Epub ahead of print]
VitaminDWiki bought the $36 PDF
- Study has Vitamin D quartiles – but study does NOT state the level of each quartile
VitaminDWiki SUSPECTS that the top quartile (least stroke) is > 25 nanogram - This is an analysis of 10-year-old data
- Since then Strokes have increased while Vitamin D levels have decreased
- Even fewer strokes can be expected for each of the following:
- not dark skin
- not obese
- not smoke
- no hypertension
- even higher level of vitamin D
- increase Magnesium
- Decrease Calcium
See also VitaminDWiki
- Ischemic stroke and low vitamin D – 3X higher risk of poor outcome, 6 X higher risk of a second stroke, Oct 2017
- Stroke is 13.5 X more likely if low vitamin D and high blood pressure – March 2015
- Stroke rate increased 85 percent in young women in large cities in the Western US in a decade – June 2017
- Stroke rates increasing in youth and decreasing in elderly (perhaps due to Vitamin D) – Nov 2016
- Stroke mortality 3X worse among seniors with less than 26 ng of vitamin D – June 2014
- Overview Stroke and vitamin D
Li J1, Lai H2, Yang L3, Zhu H4, Chen S1, Lai S5.
- 1 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- 2 Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- 3 The College of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
- 4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- 5 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: slai at jhmi.edu.
BACKGROUND:
Previous findings on the association between serum 25(OH)D level and stroke have been controversial. We aimed to examine whether these controversial findings could be possibly due to difference in study participant characteristics, especially age and gender differences in these studies, by analyzing the data from a representative sample of the general US population.
METHODS:
Data of 13,642 adults 20 years or older who participated in the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed in this study. Serum 25(OH)D was used to reflect vitamin D status. Stroke history was self-reported using questionnaires. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were fitted using SAS survey procedures to investigate the associations between 25(OH)D level and stroke for the pooled sample and age-gender subgroups (men versus women, <50 years old versus ≥50 years old), respectively.
RESULTS:
After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates, vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL) was significantly associated with increased risk of stroke (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11, 2.36), and higher vitamin D levels were significantly associated with reduced risk of stroke (adjusted OR = .70, 95% CI = .51, .96). The association between high levels of serum 25(OH)D and stroke was particularly evident among young females (age ≤20 years to <50 years) (adjusted OR = .26, 95% CI = .14, .49).
CONCLUSIONS:
The findings add to the evidence suggesting maintaining ideal 25(OH)D levels may reduce the risk of stroke among US adults, particularly in adult women younger than 50 years.
Copyright © 2017 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PMID: 28709742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.045
Grant support: This study was supported by grants DA12777 , DA25524 , and DA035632 from National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health.
Study was funded by 2 US grants yet the National Stroke Association allows publisher to charge $36 for the PDF
A US law states that all studies funded by the people (US Govt in this case) are to be available for free by the people
Suspect that the Stroke Association feared for loss of business if people had fewer strokes after reading the study
See similar: 20X increase in vitamin D sold and 36 percent decrease in osteoporosis business in Australia – Nov 2013