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RDA of Vitamins and minerals reduced incarceration by 2,993 dollars per prisoner – RCT Jan 2021

The Effects of Vitamin-Mineral Supplements on Serious Rule Violations in Correctional Facilities for Young Adult Male Inmates: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Crime & Delinquency January 25, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128721989073
Stephen Schoenthaler, David Gast, Erik J. Giltay, ...

VitaminDWiki

Those getting RDA violated fewer rules and so got paroled earlier
Total savings for the reduced incarceration time was $449,000 for 150 participants
15 weeks of just RDA for 150 prisoners might cost $449.
Note: The Return On Investment (ROI) =100X
Note: This RCT was done 30 years ago: the RDA had only 200 IU of vitamin D and no Omega-3
Note: How much might be saved by giving RDA to all prisoners, school children, etc?


We investigated whether vitamin-mineral supplementation could reduce serious rule violations. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, young adult male inmates were included. For 15 weeks, they received a daily dose with vitamin-mineral supplements of approximately 100% Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) (n = 149), or a higher-dose formula (n = 150), or placebo (n = 150). Serious rule violations were the primary outcome. In the lower-dose group there were 39% fewer rule violations than in the placebo group (relative risk = .61; 95% confidence interval CI:.41–.90, p = .01). In the higher-dose group the difference did not reach statistical significance. About 100% RDA, but not higher doses supplements, resulted in less serious rule violations than placebo.
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Effects of nutritional supplements on aggression, rule‐breaking, and psychopathology among young adult prisoners - 2009

Aggressive Behaviourr: 14 December 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20335
Ap Zaalberg Henk Nijman Erik Bulten Luwe Stroosma Cees van der Staak

Objective: In an earlier study, improvement of dietary status with food supplements led to a reduction in antisocial behavior among prisoners. Based on these earlier findings, a study of the effects of food supplements on aggression, rule‐breaking, and psychopathology was conducted among young Dutch prisoners.
Methods: Two hundred and twenty‐one young adult prisoners (mean age=21.0, range 18–25 years) received nutritional supplements containing vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids or placebos, over a period of 1–3 months.
Results: As in the earlier (British) study, reported incidents were significantly reduced (P=.017, one‐tailed) in the active condition (n=115), as compared with placebo (n=106). Other assessments, however, revealed no significant reductions in aggressiveness or psychiatric symptoms.
Conclusion: As the incidents reported concerned aggressive and rule‐breaking behavior as observed by the prison staff, the results are considered to be promising. However, as no significant improvements were found in a number of other (self‐reported) outcome measures, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Antisocial behavious of your prisoners reduced by Omega-3 RCT Jan 2018

__Influence of supplementary vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids on the antisocial behaviour of young adult prisoners. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018

Background: There is evidence that offenders consume diets lacking in essential nutrients and this could adversely affect their behaviour.

Aims: To test empirically if physiologically adequate intakes of vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids cause a reduction in antisocial behaviour.

Method: Experimental, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial of nutritional supplements on 231 young adult prisoners, comparing disciplinary offences before and during supplementation.

Results: Compared with placebos, those receiving the active capsules committed an average of 26.3% (95% CI 8.3-44.33%) fewer offences (P=0.03, two-tailed). Compared to baseline, the effect on those taking active supplements for a minimum of 2 weeks (n=172) was an average 35.1% (95% CI 16.3-53.9%) reduction of offences (P < 0.001, two-tailed), whereas placebos remained within standard error.

Conclusions> Antisocial behaviour in prisons, including violence, are reduced by vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids with similar implications for those eating poor diets in the community.


Omega-3 reduced anti-social behavior in prisoners – RCT Aug 2020

The Effect of Dietary Supplementation on Aggressive Behaviour in Australian Adult Male Prisoners: A Feasibility and Pilot Study for a Randomised, Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
Nutrients . 2020 Aug 27;12(9):2617. doi: 10.3390/nu12092617.
Colin H Cortie 1 2, Mitchell K Byrne 3, Carole Collier 4, Natalie Parletta 5, Donna Crawford 4, Pia C Winberg 6, David Webster 1, Karen Chapman 4, Gayle Thomas 4, Jean Dally 4, Marijka Batterham 7, Anne Marie Martin 8, Luke Grant 8, Barbara J Meyer 1 2

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a nutrition trial in adult male prisoners. Adult male prisoners were recruited for a 16-week randomised control trial comparing the effect of ingestion of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) and multivitamin supplements versus placebo on aggressive behaviour. The baseline and post-intervention assessments from the participant blood samples were the erythrocyte n-3 LCPUFA levels as well as measures of aggressive behaviour determined through institutional records of misconduct (IRM), the Inmate Behaviour Observation Scale (IBOS), and questionnaires. A total of 136 adult male prisoners consented to the study with a retention rate of 60%, and 93% of blood samples were successfully collected. The IRM and IBOS scores were collected for 100% of participants, whilst 82-97% of participants completed the questionnaires. From the baseline data, the Odds Ratio shows that prisoners are 4.3 times more likely to have an IBOS >2 if they are below the 6% cut off on the omega-3 index. Both groups improved across all outcome measures and, at the current sample size, no significant differences were seen between them. A power calculation suggests a total sample size of 600 participants is required to detect the effects of this dietary supplementation, and that this supplementation study is feasible in a Correctional Centre. Important criteria for the exclusion and consideration of logistics and compliance are presented.
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Created by admin. Last Modification: Friday February 5, 2021 16:56:07 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 7)

Attached files

ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads
14986 zaalberg2009.pdf admin 05 Feb, 2021 135.92 Kb 342
14985 Aggressive Behaviour.pdf admin 05 Feb, 2021 1.91 Mb 241
14984 antisocial behaviour.pdf admin 05 Feb, 2021 164.22 Kb 422
14983 Correctional facility RDA RCT.pdf admin 05 Feb, 2021 405.61 Kb 330