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Obese of all ages have lower levels of vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2015

Obesity and vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Obesity Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 4, pages 341–349, April 2015, DOI: 10.1111/obr.12239
M. Pereira-Santos1,2,*, P. R. F. Costa2, A. M. O. Assis1,2, C. A. S. T. Santos3 andD. B. Santos4

Over the past decade, there have been an increasing number of studies on the association between vitamin D deficiency and anthropometric state. However, we did not identify any meta-analyses of the relationship between obesity and vitamin D deficiency in different age groups. Thus, we evaluated the association between obesity and vitamin D deficiency. We searched for observational studies published up to April 2014 in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases. We performed a meta-analysis in accordance with the random-effects model to obtain the summary measurement (prevalence ratio, PR). Among the 29,882 articles identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria.
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was

  • 35% higher in obese subjects compared to the eutrophic group
    (PR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21–1.50) and
  • 24% higher than in the overweight group
    (PR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.14–1.34).

These results indicate that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was more elevated in obese subjects. The vitamin D deficiency was associated with obesity irrespective of age, latitude, cut-offs to define vitamin D deficiency and the Human Development Index of the study location.

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Obese need more Vitamin D
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  • Normal weight     Obese     (50 ng = 125 nanomole)

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