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COVID and CVD deadly pandemics share a risk factor: low vitamin D - April 2022


Vitamin D: The Missing Nutrient Behind the Two Deadly Pandemics, COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases

Cureus 14(4): e24133. doi:10.7759/cureus.24133
Abhishek Singh, Anusha Chidharla, Kriti Agarwal, Priyanka Singh, Nidhi Jain, Gashaw Hassen, Salwa Abdelwahed, Renu Bhandari, Kajal Patel, Sachin Gupta, Thoyaja Koritala, Rizwan Rabbani

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is claiming millions of lives and creating an additional burden on health care, which is already affected by the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The scientific community, on the other side, is enormously engaged with studies to best identify the characteristics of the virus and minimize its effect while supporting the fight to contain NCDs, mainly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are contributing hugely to the global death toll. Hence, the roles of vitamin D in COVID-19 immunity and cardiovascular health are gaining traction recently.

This literature review will mainly focus on summarizing pertinent studies and scientific publications which highlight the association of vitamin D levels with the various outcomes of COVID-19 and CVDs. It will also address how low vitamin D correlates with the epidemiology of CVDs and the inflammatory mechanisms attributed to COVID-19 severity. We believe that our review may open up hindsight perspectives and further discussions among the physicians in tapping the potential of vitamin D supplementation to tackle the morbidity, mortality, and health care cost of the two deadly diseases, COVID-19 and CVDs.

Sections in the PDF

  • Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 mortality due to cytokine storm
  • The interplay between vitamin D and COVID-19 immunity
  • Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases
  • Vitamin D and acute respiratory infections
  • Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients
  • Immunologic mechanisms behind cytokine storm in COVID-19
  • Low vitamin D evident as a risk and predictor of COVID-19 severity


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VitaminDWiki – ALL 26 COVID risk factors are associated with low vitamin D

CDC: Confirms Low Vitamin D
VitaminDWiki and other
Cancer VitaminDWiki 7X
Chronic kidney diseaseVitaminDWiki
COPD & other lung problemsPneumonia - VDW
Lung Death 4X
Down Syndrome VitaminDWiki - deficiency
Heart conditionsVitaminDWiki
Immunocompromised stateVitamin D helps organ transplant - many studies
Cancer - After diagnosis
Obesity Overview Obesity and Vitamin D
PregnancyOverview Pregnancy and vitamin D
Sickle cell diseaseOverview Sickle Cell and Vitamin D
Smoking Smoking reduces vitamin D - many studies
Diabetes T2VitaminDWiki
CDC: Might be factors
Asthma Overview Asthma and Vitamin D
Cerebrovascular disease Cardiovascular   Stroke
Cystic fibrosisCystic Fibrosis
Hypertension VitaminDWiki
ACE inhibitors VitaminDWiki 4X
Neurologic conditions,
such as dementia
Overview Alzheimer's-Cognition and Vitamin D
Liver diseaseOverview Liver and vitamin D
Pulmonary fibrosisPulmonary Fibrosis
Thalassemia VitaminDWiki - deficiency
Diabetes T1 T1 Diabetes
CDC: Still fails to mention
AgeOverview Seniors and Vitamin D
Nursing HomesNursing homes and Vitamin D - many studies
Prisons Prisoners have low Vitamin D - many studies
Dark SkinVitaminDWiki
Vertebral Fracture VitaminDWiki
Shift workVitaminDWiki 2X
Mood disorders Note:
Low D ==> depression
1.5X increase in COVID-19 death
Concealing clothingVitaminDWiki 3.5X
Schizophrenia 3X mortalityVitaminDWiki Low D since birth

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Sometimes A health problem will cause a Vitamin D deficiency
Sometimes A Vitamin D deficiency will cause another health problem
AlwaysStop a vitamin D deficiency to avoid getting additional health problems

VitaminDWiki - In both categories Virus and Cardiovascular (18 studies)

This list is automatically updated


VitaminDWiki - Cardiovascular category

507 items In Cardiovascular category

Cardiovascular category is associated with other categories: Diabetes 31, Omega-3 31 , Vitamin K 25 , Intervention 22 . Mortality 20 , Skin - Dark 18 , Magnesium 17 , Calcium 14 , Hypertension 14 , Trauma and surgery 13 , Stroke 13 , Kidney 12 , Metabolic Syndrome 11 , Seniors 10 , Pregnancy 8 as of Aug 2022


VitaminDWiki – COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D - studies, reports, videos

As of Jan 31, 2024, the VitaminDWiki COVID page had:  19+ trial results,   37+ meta-analyses and reviews,   Mortality studies   see related:   Governments,   HealthProblems,   Hospitals,  Dark Skins,   All 26 COVID risk factors are associated with low Vit D,   Fight COVID-19 with 50K Vit D weekly   Vaccines   Take lots of Vitamin D at first signs of COVID   166 COVID Clinical Trials using Vitamin D (Aug 2023)   Prevent a COVID death: 9 dollars of Vitamin D or 900,000 dollars of vaccine - Aug 2023
5 most-recently changed Virus entries


Created by admin. Last Modification: Sunday April 17, 2022 16:27:33 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 8)

Attached files

ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads
17446 CVD studies.jpg admin 17 Apr, 2022 266.92 Kb 252
17445 Deadly Pandemics, COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases.pdf admin 17 Apr, 2022 156.05 Kb 254