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95 percent of pregnant women in Finland took vitamin D – PHD Dissertation Dec 2019


Vitamin D in pregnancy and infancy : dietary sources and associations with pregnancy outcomes and infant growth

Helena Hauta-alus
HUS Lasten ja nuorten sairaudetLastenklinikkaDoctoral Programme in Clinical ResearchHelsingin yliopisto
Tutkimustuotos: Opinnäyte › Väitöskirja

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Kuvaus
Vitamin D is vital for normal growth and development. Vitamin D is produced endogenously in the skin after sunlight exposure or obtained from dietary sources. In Finland, solar radiation is inadequate for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis in winter, leading to a high risk for vitamin D insufficiency, defined by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] below 50 nmol/l. Poor maternal 25(OH)D has been associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and low birth weight. Only a few studies have explored the relationship between vitamin D and infant postnatal growth, and these studies show inconsistent results. Further, data on current maternal vitamin D status and infant vitamin D intake in Finland are lacking. The objectives of this thesis were to

  • 1) define maternal and newborn 25(OH)D concentrations and characterize maternal determinants of vitamin D status during pregnancy;
  • 2) examine whether vitamin D status differs between mothers with and without GDM;
  • 3) describe vitamin D intake from food and identify food sources of vitamin D in 1-year-old infants, and finally,
  • 4) investigate whether maternal or infant vitamin D status associate with pre- and postnatal infant growth.

This thesis is part of the Vitamin D Intervention in Infants (VIDI) study. At Helsinki Maternity Hospital, 987 families were recruited to the study from January 2013 to June 2014.
Infants were randomized to daily supplemental vitamin D dosages of 10 µg or 30 µg from 2 weeks until 2 years of age.
Mothers were of Northern European ethnicity without regular medication. Infants were born at term with birth weights appropriate for gestational age. Maternal serum samples were collected at prenatal clinics between 2012 and 2013 in early pregnancy. At birth, umbilical cord blood (UCB) was obtained. Circulating 25(OH)D was analyzed with IDS-iSYS from pregnancy, UCB and infant serum samples at 1 year of age. Maternal dietary patterns were derived from a 22-item food frequency questionnaire and infant vitamin D intake was assessed with a 3-day food record. GDM diagnosis and data on infant birth size were obtained from medical records. Infant growth was measured at study visits at the ages of 6 months and 1 year.
Overall, the pregnant women and their newborns were vitamin D sufficient as the concentration of 25(OH)D in 96% of all subjects was ≥50 nmol/l.
Of pregnant women, 95% used vitamin D supplements with a mean daily intake of 16 µg. Maternal positive predictors of 25(OH)D during pregnancy, based on 25(OH)D from early pregnancy to UCB, were supplemental vitamin D intake, a dietary pattern characterized by regular use of vitamin D–fortified foods and prepregnancy physical activity. In contrast, factors associating with declining 25(OH)D during pregnancy were smoking and multiparity. GDM was observed in 11% of the pregnant women. Maternal 25(OH)D concentrations did not differ between GDM and non-GDM women. Furthermore, 25(OH)D had no relation to oral glucose tolerance test results. Mean daily intake of vitamin D from food was 7.5 µg in non-breastfed and 3.8 µg in breastfed 1-year-old infants. The main food sources of vitamin D were infant formula, dairy milk, porridge, and fish foods. Higher maternal and infant 25(OH)D were associated with slower infant growth. At 6 months of age, infants to mothers with high pregnancy 25(OH)D (>125 nmol/l) were the shortest (in length), lightest (in weight), and thinnest (in length-adjusted weight). Higher UCB 25(OH)D had an inverse association with head circumference at birth and infant length at 6 months. In infants, higher UCB 25(OH)D associated with slower linear growth from birth to 6 months, but an accelerated growth from 6 months to 1 year of age. Infants with 25(OH)D >125 nmol/l were the lightest and thinnest at 1 year of age, whereas mothers with UCB 25(OH)D <50 nmol/l had the thinnest infants at 6 months.
In conclusion, vitamin D status was sufficient among pregnant women in Finland. Likewise, infants who participated in a vitamin D supplementation trial had sufficient vitamin D status at 1 year of age. High maternal and infant 25(OH)D associated with slower infant growth. These results may indicate a
possible inverse U-shaped relationship between vitamin D status and growth. The clinical relevance of this finding remains unknown. Until more data emerge, there is no need to aim for higher maternal or infant 25(OH)D concentrations beyond vitamin D sufficiency with excessive supplementation as this may have disadvantageous effects on infant growth.


Pregnancy category contains:

884 items in Pregnancy category

 - see also


Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D contains:

Problem
Vit. D
Reduces
Evidence
0. Chance of not conceiving3.4 times Observe
1. Miscarriage 2.5 times Observe
2. Pre-eclampsia 3.6 timesRCT
3. Gestational Diabetes 3 times RCT
4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality 3.5 times Observe
5. Premature birth 2 times RCT
6. C-section - unplanned 1.6 timesObserve
     Stillbirth - OMEGA-3 4 timesRCT - Omega-3
7. Depression AFTER pregnancy 1.4 times RCT
8. Small for Gestational Age 1.6 times meta-analysis
9. Infant height, weight, head size
     within normal limits
RCT
10. Childhood Wheezing 1.3 times RCT
11. Additional child is Autistic 4 times Intervention
12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis 1.9 timesObserve
13. Preeclampsia in young adult 3.5 timesRCT
14. Good motor skills @ age 31.4 times Observe
15. Childhood Mite allergy 5 times RCT
16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits 2.5 times RCT

RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial


VitaminDWiki pages with FINLAND in title (17 as of March 2022)

This list is automatically updated

Items found: 22
Title Modified
Many T1 diabetics in Finland are self-treating with more than 1200 IU of Vitamin D daily – Feb 2024 08 Mar, 2024
Many T1 diabetics in Finland are self-treating with more than 1200 IU of Vitamin D daily – Feb 2024 08 Mar, 2024
Preterm birth rate increased in US but decreased in Finland (high Vitamin D) - Jan 2024 09 Feb, 2024
After years of adding vitamin D, Finland now has 38 ng levels - March 2022 14 Oct, 2023
Afib in Finland reduced 30% by Vitamin D (3200 IU) – RCT June 2023 09 Jul, 2023
Happiest country on earth has a high Vitamin D level (Finland, with little sun) – March 2022 27 Nov, 2022
95 percent of pregnant women in Finland took vitamin D – PHD Dissertation Dec 2019 04 Apr, 2022
Vitamin D levels in Finland increased 2000-2011 (supplementation and fortification) – May 2017 05 Jan, 2022
Less response to 800 IU of Vitamin D by Africans than natives in Finland – RCT March 2018 25 Dec, 2019
IBD in Finland – 3X increase in 15 years, more prevalent further from equator – Nov 2012 14 May, 2019
Vitamin D needed for 12 ng in winter in Finland – Whites 320 IU, Blacks 720 IU – July 2018 24 Jul, 2018
Spring sunshine in snowy Finland normalized Vitamin D levels to 36 nanograms – 2017 13 Mar, 2018
Type I Diabetes stopped increasing in Finland after Vitamin D levels were raised – July 2014 15 Oct, 2016
Improved health due to vitamin D fortification in Finland 15 Oct, 2016
Vitamin D fortification is returning to Finland – now 400 IU per 100 gram of butter – Oct 2016 15 Oct, 2016
Finland increased vitamin D - Nov 2010 26 Jul, 2014
Type 1 diabetes starting to decrease in Finland, they started Vitamin D fortification in 2003 – July 2013 26 Jul, 2014
Infants in France and Finland need 1000 IU of vitamin D, but apparently infants in US need only 400 - 2013 14 Jul, 2013
Finland hopes to double Vitamin D dose for elderly from 400 to 800 IU in 2012 – April 2010 12 Nov, 2012
Finland max 2000 IU vitamin D since cannot get more from food - 2011 03 Sep, 2012
Low vitamin D increased death rate 2X in Finland – Aug 2011 10 Feb, 2012
More likely to develop Prostate Cancer if have high level of vitamin D in Finland – Sept 2011 07 Sep, 2011

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Created by admin. Last Modification: Friday February 9, 2024 20:48:43 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 10)

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