Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
medRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.26.20202051. preprint
Satu Strausz, Tuomo Kiiskinen, Martin Broberg, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Jukka Koskela, Adel Bachour, Aarno Palotie, Tuula Palotie, Samuli Ripatti, Hanna M Ollila
Many health problems, such as Sleep Apnea in this case, which are associated with low vitamin D are also risk Factors for COVID-19
High Risk category listing contains the following
Those at high-risk of being Vitamin D deficient will require about 1.5X more vitamin D to restore their levels
Those who are at risk due to being obese need about 2X more vitamin D to restore their levels
Overview Dark Skin
Overview Seniors
Overview Obesity
Overview Pregnancy
Overview Deficiency
Shut-in category which has
Middle East category which has
22 VitaminDWiki pages had CLOTH in the title as of July 2022
14 VitaminDWiki pages with SHIFTWORK etc in title as of July 2022
Sleep category starts with
A few items in SLEEP category
- Sleep problems cured by vitamin D, etc. – workshops and patient workbooks – Gominak 2018
- Sleeps disorders nicely treated by Vitamin D (50,000 IU twice a month) – RCT May 2017
- Restless Legs Syndrome dramatically reduced by vitamin D, etc
- Iron deficiency is a cause of Vitamin D deficiency Depression
- On the job sleepiness 2.2X more likely if low vitamin D – Feb 2020
- Poor sleep 1.5 X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – Feb 2019
- The Better Sleep Vitamin (Vitamin D) – nice 3 dollar book Feb 2015
- The worse the sleep apnea, the lower the vitamin D levels – meta-analysis 2017, 2020
- Sleep Apnea patients – 98 percent had low vitamin D – Feb 2016
- Vitamin D for better sleep video - Dec 2021
- 5X increase in sleep problems in a decade in US Veterans
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- The worse the sleep apnea, the lower the vitamin D levels – meta-analysis 2017, 2020
- Sleep Apnea patients – 98 percent had low vitamin D – Feb 2016
- 10 VitaminDWiki page titles contained SLEEP APNEA as of June 2021
Diabetes category starts with the following
see also Overview Diabetes and vitamin D Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
Autoimmune category listing has- - - - - - - - -
- Most Diabetics helped by Vitamin D (90 percent are deficient) – Nov 2019
- Diabetes helped by 5,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT Sept 2019
- Type 1 Diabetes is prevented and treated by Vitamin D – review of 16 studies – Sept 2019
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Objective: To investigate if obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19. To examine whether the risk for contracting COVID-19 is elevated among OSA patients.
Design and setting: Registry based retrospective case-control study using Finnish nationwide health registries and the FinnGen Study cohort. Participants: Information regarding OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection was extracted from the FinnGen study (N=260,405) with a total of 305 patients who had a recorded PCR-validated COVID-19 infection including 26 (8.5%) individuals who were also OSA patients. Severe COVID-19 (N=83, 27.2%) was defined as an infection requiring hospitalization. Among the hospitalized individuals there were 16 (19.3%) with OSA diagnosis. In addition, we also included in our analysis previously reported risk factors for both severe COVID-19 or risk factors and comorbidities for OSA from FinnGen. Main outcome measures: OSA diagnosis, information concerning COVID-19 infection such as hospitalization, were derived from Finnish National Hospital Discharge Registry, Causes of Death Registry and the National Infectious Diseases Registry.
Results: We show that OSA is a risk factor for COVID-19 hospitalization independent from age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (p-unadjusted=1.04x10 -4, OR-adjusted=5.24 [95%CI 1.33 to 23.43], p-adjusted=0.022). OSA was not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19 (p=0.49).
Conclusion: While an OSA patients risk of contracting COVID-19 is the same as non-OSA individuals, the OSA patients have a five-fold risk to be hospitalized when affected by COVID-19 than non-OSA individuals. Our findings suggest that, in assessment of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, OSA needs to be recognized as one of the comorbidity risk factors for developing a severe form of the disease.
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