Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
medRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.26.20202051. preprint
Satu Strausz, Tuomo Kiiskinen, Martin Broberg, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Jukka Koskela, Adel Bachour, Aarno Palotie, Tuula Palotie, Samuli Ripatti, Hanna M Ollila
Many health problems, such as Sleep Apnea in this case, which are associated with low vitamin D are also risk Factors for COVID-19
High Risk category listing contains the following
Those at high-risk of being Vitamin D deficient will require about 1.5X more vitamin D to restore their levels
Those who are at risk due to being obese need about 2X more vitamin D to restore their levels
Overview Dark Skin
Overview Seniors
Overview Obesity
Overview Pregnancy
Overview Deficiency
Shut-in category which has
Middle East category which has
22 VitaminDWiki pages had CLOTH in the title as of July 2022
16+ VitaminDWiki pages with SHIFTWORK etc in the title
Sleep category starts with
A few items in SLEEP category
- Sleep greatly improved by 50,000 IU of vitamin D once every two weeks – RCT Sept 2018
- Sleeps disorders nicely treated by Vitamin D (50,000 IU twice a month) – RCT May 2017
- Sleep, Dr. Gominak and Vitamin D - several studies
- Restless Legs Syndrome dramatically reduced by vitamin D, etc
- On the job sleepiness 2.2X more likely if low vitamin D – Feb 2020
- Poor sleep 1.5 X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – Feb 2019
- The Better Sleep Vitamin (Vitamin D) – nice 3 dollar book Feb 2015
- The worse the sleep apnea, the lower the vitamin D levels – meta-analysis 2017, 2020
- Vitamin D for better sleep video - Dec 2021
- 5X increase in sleep problems in a decade in US Veterans
- Sleep Apnea and Vitamin D - many studies
- Melatonin and Vitamin D - many studies does much more than improve sleep
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- The worse the sleep apnea, the lower the vitamin D levels – meta-analysis 2017, 2020
- Sleep Apnea patients – 98 percent had low vitamin D – Feb 2016
- 10 VitaminDWiki page titles contained SLEEP APNEA as of June 2021
Diabetes category starts with the following
see also Overview Diabetes and vitamin D Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
Autoimmune category listing has- - - - - - - - -
- Most Diabetics helped by Vitamin D (90 percent are deficient) – Nov 2019
- Diabetes helped by 5,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT Sept 2019
- Type 1 Diabetes is prevented and treated by Vitamin D – review of 16 studies – Sept 2019
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Objective: To investigate if obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19. To examine whether the risk for contracting COVID-19 is elevated among OSA patients.
Design and setting: Registry based retrospective case-control study using Finnish nationwide health registries and the FinnGen Study cohort. Participants: Information regarding OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection was extracted from the FinnGen study (N=260,405) with a total of 305 patients who had a recorded PCR-validated COVID-19 infection including 26 (8.5%) individuals who were also OSA patients. Severe COVID-19 (N=83, 27.2%) was defined as an infection requiring hospitalization. Among the hospitalized individuals there were 16 (19.3%) with OSA diagnosis. In addition, we also included in our analysis previously reported risk factors for both severe COVID-19 or risk factors and comorbidities for OSA from FinnGen. Main outcome measures: OSA diagnosis, information concerning COVID-19 infection such as hospitalization, were derived from Finnish National Hospital Discharge Registry, Causes of Death Registry and the National Infectious Diseases Registry.
Results: We show that OSA is a risk factor for COVID-19 hospitalization independent from age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (p-unadjusted=1.04x10 -4, OR-adjusted=5.24 [95%CI 1.33 to 23.43], p-adjusted=0.022). OSA was not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19 (p=0.49).
Conclusion: While an OSA patients risk of contracting COVID-19 is the same as non-OSA individuals, the OSA patients have a five-fold risk to be hospitalized when affected by COVID-19 than non-OSA individuals. Our findings suggest that, in assessment of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, OSA needs to be recognized as one of the comorbidity risk factors for developing a severe form of the disease.
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