Miscarriage 2.5X more likely if second-hand smoke and low vitamin D – Sept 2022

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Maternal Passive Smoking, Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3674; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183674
by Shiqi Lin 1, Jiajia Li 1, Yuan Zhang 2, Xinming Song 1, Gong Chen. 1 and Lijun Pei

• 1 Institute of Population Research and China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
• 2 National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China

Background: Maternal passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency might elevate risk of spontaneous abortion. The study aimed to investigate the association of co-exposure to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency with the risk of spontaneous abortion.

Methods: A population-based case-control study was performed among non-smoking women in Henan Province, China, with 293 spontaneous abortion cases and 496 liveborn controls with term, normal birthweight.

Results: Compared to women without exposure to passive smoking nor vitamin D deficiency, women with deficient vitamin D alone and women with exposure to passive smoking alone had increased risk of spontaneous abortion (OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.08~2.89; OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.11~2.69, respectively).
The risk of spontaneous abortion was even higher for those with co-exposure to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.63~3.84). A dose-response relationship was found of an incremental risk of spontaneous abortion with rising numbers of exposures to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Co-exposure to passive smoking and vitamin D deficiency was associated with an elevated risk of spontaneous abortion, and the risk of spontaneous abortion rose with rising numbers of exposures. Intervention programs need to specifically target the vulnerable groups of pregnant women with both malnutrition and unfavorable environmental exposure.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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VitaminDWiki - Low Vitamin D is worse for your health than smoking

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VitaminDWiki - Miscarriage – study found all 4 of the reasons to be related to vitamin D – Dec 2021

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VitaminDWiki - Pregnancy category contains

844 items in Pregnancy category

 - see also

• Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D
• Number of articles in both categories of Pregnancy and:Dark Skin 26;   Depression 20;   Diabetes 42;   Obesity 15;  Hypertension 43;   Breathing 31;  Omega-3 39;  Vitamin D Receptor 22 Click here for details
• All items in category Infant/Child 747 items
• Pregnancy needs at least 40 ng of vitamin D, achieved by at least 4,000 IU – Hollis Aug 2017
• 34 papers with Breastfeeding of Breastfed in title as of Jan 2022
• Preeclampsia in VitaminDWiki title (54 as of March 2023)
• PRETERM or PREEMIE: contained by 100 titles as of Feb 2022
• "polycystic ovary syndrome" OR PCOS 303 items as of Jan 2018
• Gestational Diabetes
• c-section OR "caesarean section" (various spellings) 937 items as of Aug 2020
• postpartum depression 208 items as of Aug 2018
• 31 VitaminDWiki pages had MISCARRIAGE in title as of Aug 2022
• Search VitaminDWiki for "Assisted reproduction" 33 items as of Aug 2022
• Fertility and Sperm category listing has 128 items along with related searches
• (Stunting OR “low birth weight” OR LBW) 1180 items as of June 2020
• Less labor pain if higher level of vitamin D – August 2021
• Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D
• Ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby - take Vitamin D before conception
  

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VitaminDWiki - Smoking reduces vitamin D - many studies contains

Two pathways are often proposed for how smoking decreases vitamin D:
   1) Smoking decreases Calcium. and Vitamin D is used up in replacing the Calcium
   2) Smoking injures the body, and vitamin D is used up in repairing the body
It appears that taking Vitamin D while smoking will:
   1) Decrease the incidence of the many health problems associated with smoking - even lung cancer
   2) Decrease the desire to smoke (perhaps take fewer smoking breaks?)
   3) Increase breathing capacity
Opinion: If unable to stop smoking,
  or are a previous smoker,
     or are getting 2nd hand smoke,
         increase Vitamin D and perhaps Omega-3 (which decreases depression, inflammation)
Vitamin D should also help people quit smoking   See bottom of page Smoking reduces vitamin D
   1) Reduces weight gain associated with quitting smoking
   2) Reduces depression associated with quitting smoking