- The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review
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The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review
Journal of Public Health, fdae178, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae178
Merlin L Willcox, Deepthi Lavu, Usaid Yousaf, Sam Dalton, Nia Roberts, Annette Plüddemann
Background
Care home residents are at high risk from outbreaks of respiratory infections, such as influenza and COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, to determine which interventions (apart from vaccines) are effective at reducing transmission of acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) in care homes.Methods
We searched CINAHL, Medline, Embase and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to prevent transmission of ARIs in care homes (excluding vaccines), to April 2023.Results
A total of 21 articles met inclusion criteria. Two infection control interventions significantly reduced respiratory infections.- Oseltamivir significantly reduced risk of symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.16–0.94, three trials), and influenza-like illness (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.36–0.69), even in a vaccinated population.
- High dose vitamin D supplementation reduced incidence of ARIs (incidence rate ratio 0.60; 95%CI 0.38–0.94, one trial).
Nine other RCTs of vitamin, mineral, probiotic and herbal supplements showed no significant effect.
Conclusion
Transmission of respiratory infections in care homes can be reduced by educational interventions to improve infection control procedures and compliance by staff, by antiviral prophylaxis soon after a case of influenza has been detected, and by supplementation with high-dose Vitamin D3. Further research is needed to confirm the effect of high-dose Vitamin D3.How this fits in
- NICE guidelines recommending antiviral prophylaxis for care home residents, during influenza outbreaks, are often not implemented. This research shows that antiviral prophylaxis can halve the risk of influenza even in vaccinated care home residents, if given within 7 days of the first case in the care home.
- Current NICE guidelines recommend supplementation with Vitamin D at 400 IU daily. This research shows that high-dose supplementation (100 000 IU per month) can reduce risk of respiratory infections by 40%.
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Refers to: High-dose monthly vitamin D for prevention of acute respiratory infection in older longterm care residents - RCT 2017
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12+ VitaminDWiki Immunity pages have RCT in the title
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45+ VitaminDWiki Virus pages have RCT in the title
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Meta-analyses of Virus
44 studies This list is automatically updated
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- COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D (reduce ICU by 3X) - 22nd meta-analysis - Dec 29, 2021
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- Low Calcium associated with severe COVID-19 – several studies
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- Low Vitamin D associated with 2.7X more severe COVID-19 – 12th MA March 5, 2021
- Vitamin D supplementation fights COVID-19 – 11th meta-analysis Jan 24, 2021
- 3.7 X less likely to die of COVID-19 if supplemented with Vitamin D - meta-analysis Jan 5, 2021
- Less likely to test positive for COVID-19 if higher Vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 6, 2021
- Vitamin D reduces COVID-19 by 80 percent - anonymous meta-analysis - Jan 5, 2021
- COVID-19 1.7X more likely to be severe if low Vitamin D - meta-analysis Oct 2020
- Low Vitamin D associated 1.8X increased risk of COVID-19 death in hospital – meta-analysis Nov 4, 2020
- Acute viral respiratory infections (RTI) reduced by Vitamin D - 20 reviews - Aug 2020
- Prudent to consider that Vitamin D has a role in COVID-19 – meta-analysis – Aug 7, 2020
- Risk of enveloped virus infection is increased 50 percent if poor Vitamin D Receptor - meta-analysis Dec 2018
- Hepatitis B patients have 2 ng lower level of Vitamin D – meta-analysis June 2019
- Influenza Vaccination not benefited by lowish levels of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
VitaminDWiki – COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D - studies, reports, videos
As of March 31, 2024, the VitaminDWiki COVID page had: trial results, meta-analyses and reviews, Mortality studies see related: Governments, HealthProblems, Hospitals, Dark Skins, All 26 COVID risk factors are associated with low Vit D, Fight COVID-19 with 50K Vit D weekly Vaccines Take lots of Vitamin D at first signs of COVID 166 COVID Clinical Trials using Vitamin D (Aug 2023) Prevent a COVID death: 9 dollars of Vitamin D or 900,000 dollars of vaccine - Aug 2023
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VitaminDWiki – Respiratory infection, children and Vitamin D - many studies
VitaminDWiki – Viral respiratory infections reduced by both Vitamin D and Zinc – meta-analysis -Oct 2021
Viral infections reduced 40% by monthly 100,000 IU Vitamin D – RCT review Aug 2024Printer Friendly Follow this page for updates1715 visitors, last modified 13 Aug, 2024, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
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