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Improve your health BEFORE surgery (prehabilitation) helps your recovery - 2018

Effect of Exercise and Nutrition Prehabilitation on Functional Capacity in Esophagogastric Cancer Surgery – A Randomized Clinical Trial

JAMA Surg. online Sept 5, 2018. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2018.1645
Enrico M. Minnella, MD1; Rashami Awasthi, MSc1; Sarah-Eve Loiselle, PDt1; et al Ramanakumar V. Agnihotram, PhD2; Lorenzo E. Ferri, MD, PhD3; Francesco Carli, MD, MPhil1

PubMed - 5,946 prehabilitation items as of Jan 2024
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  • Pre-operative optimisation for hip and knee arthroplasty: Minimise risk and maximise recovery - Nov 2020 using Vitamin D, DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-05-20-5436 FREE PDF
  • Prehabilitation and Its Role in Geriatric Surgery - Nov 2019 PMID: 31960020
  • Nutritional prehabilitation: physiological basis and clinical evidence - Sept 2018
  • Prehabilitation in Thoracic Surgery - Aug 2018 FREE PDF DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.08.18
  • Evidence-Based Strategies for the Prehabilitation of the Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Patient - Sept 2018
  • Rehabilitation before regenerative cartilage knee surgery: a new prehabilitation guideline based on the best available evidence - Aug 2018
  • The role of prehabilitation in frail surgical patients: A systematic review - Aug 2018
  • The Effectiveness of Prehabilitation (Prehab) in Both Functional and Economic Outcomes Following Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review - May 2018, free PDF
  • Trimodal prehabilitation for colorectal surgery attenuates post-surgical losses in lean body mass: A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials - July 2018
  • Prehabilitation and Nutritional Support to Improve Perioperative Outcomes - Nov 2017 10.1007/s40140-017-0245-2 Free PDF
  • Prehabilitation: preparing patients for surgery Aug 2017 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3702
    Major surgery is like running a marathon—and both require training
    The impact of surgery leads to significant homeostatic disturbance.1 The surgical stress response is characterised by catabolism and increased oxygen demand. The extent and duration of the stress response is proportionate to the magnitude of surgery and the associated risk of developing postoperative complications.2
    Patients who experience postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery have a reduced long term survival rate.3 Even in the absence of complications there is a 20-40% reduction in postoperative physical function and a significant deterioration in quality of life after major surgery.4

Prehab should also restore Vitamin D levels


Another form of prehabilitation


VitaminDWiki pages with DELIRIUM in title

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 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

Walk 97 fewer meters in 6 minutes

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Virtually every measure was improved @ 30 days after surgery

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(Not statistically significant improvements (not expected for such a small trial)

Key Points

  • Question What is the effect of a structured preoperative exercise and nutrition conditioning program (prehabilitation) on functional capacity after esophagogastric surgery?
  • Findings In this randomized clinical trial (26 prehabilitation participants vs 25 control participants), prehabilitation significantly improved functional capacity before and after surgery.
  • Meaning Prehabilitation may be considered for optimizing physical fitness during esophagogastric cancer care.

Importance Preserving functional capacity is a key element in the care continuum for patients with esophagogastric cancer. Prehabilitation, a preoperative conditioning intervention aiming to optimize physical status, has not been tested in upper gastrointestinal surgery to date.

Objective To investigate whether prehabilitation is effective in improving functional status in patients undergoing esophagogastric cancer resection.

Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized clinical trial (available-case analysis based on completed assessments) was conducted at McGill University Health Centre (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) comparing prehabilitation with a control group. Intervention consisted of preoperative exercise and nutrition optimization. Participants were adults awaiting elective esophagogastric resection for cancer. The study dates were February 13, 2013, to February 10, 2017.

Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was change in functional capacity, measured with absolute change in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). Preoperative (end of the prehabilitation period) and postoperative (from 4 to 8 weeks after surgery) data were compared between groups.

Results Sixty-eight patients were randomized, and 51 were included in the primary analysis. The control group were a mean (SD) age, 68.0 (11.6) years and 20 (80%) men. Patients in the prehabilitation group were a mean (SD) age, 67.3 (7.4) years and 18 (69%) men. Compared with the control group, the prehabilitation group had improved functional capacity both before surgery (mean [SD] 6MWD change, 36.9 [51.4] vs −22.8 [52.5] m; P < .001) and after surgery (mean [SD] 6MWD change, 15.4 [65.6] vs −81.8 [87.0] m; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance Prehabilitation improves perioperative functional capacity in esophagogastric surgery. Keeping patients from physical and nutritional status decline could have a significant effect on the cancer care continuum.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01666158


From PDF

Exercise Program

At baseline, all patients had an evaluation of their fitness level and functional ability in terms of walking and endurance, strength, joint mobility, and posture. A physician (E.M.M.) prescribed an individualized, home-based exercise training program 4 times per week according to guidelines provided by the American College of Sports Medicine.25 Participants received an individual session with a kinesiologist, who demonstrated the complete training program and provided corrective feedback as necessary.26 Aerobic exercise consisted of 30 minutes (including 5-minute warm-up and 5-minute cooldown) of moderate continuous training 3 days per week. Exercise modalities were brisk walk, jogging, or cycling depending on personal physical level and attitude. Patients were instructed by the kinesiologist to self-select the intensity to reach 12 to 13 on rated perceived exertion (range, 6-20 on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale).27,28 Strengthening activity, prescribed 1 day per week, consisted of 30 minutes (including 5-minute flexibility and 5-minute stretching) of 3 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions for 8 muscle groups using an elastic band as resistance (TheraBand). Resistance level was selected by the kinesiologist to reach a moderate-intensity effort, rated as 5 to 6 on a 10-point scale.29 Participants were provided with a logbook to record all activities. The kinesiologist monitored the adherence and addressed issues or doubts by weekly telephone calls.

Nutrition Program

At the time of enrollment, participants completed a 3-day estimated food record of 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. A dietitian (S.-E.L.) assessed dietary habits and anthropometric data to create a comprehensive status evaluation and to estimate the required amount and relative proportion of macronutrients.30 Metabolic requirement was adjusted to meet the increased nutritional demand due to the stress associated with their upcoming surgery.31,32 Food-based dietary advice was given, and whey protein supplement (Immunocal; Immunotec Inc) was prescribed to guarantee a daily protein intake of 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg of ideal body weight (or approximately 20% of total energy requirements).33 These supplements, if needed, were consumed every morning after breakfast or immediately after exercise during training days. Nutrition therapy was given to all participants in the intervention group, even in the absence of malnutrition.34 Participants were provided with a logbook, and the nutritionist monitored the adherence and addressed issues or doubts by weekly telephone calls.


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Attached files

ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads
16703 Prehab studies.jpg admin 07 Dec, 2021 8.77 Kb 302
10504 Prehab.jpg admin 08 Sep, 2018 57.96 Kb 741
10503 6 minute walk.jpg admin 08 Sep, 2018 26.68 Kb 927
10502 Esophagogastric.pdf admin 08 Sep, 2018 349.40 Kb 1262