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Overview Iron Supplements and Vitamin D

67 items in category Iron and Vitamin D

Iron Summary

Stopping my Iron supplementations - Sept 2023

There are to many indications on the web of possible problems.
I had been supplementing without having any indications of low Iron
The iron test is too expensive, and I am unsure of which test to take
I have no recommendation for or against Iron supplementation


Type of iron is very important


1 in 400 people will accumulate Iron

Iron, like Vitamin D is regulated by the body. In the case of Iron, the regulation happens at the input
And like Vitamin D, a mutated gene will prevent the regulation
In the case of Iron. the global prevalence of the dis-regulation mutation is about 1 in 400 people
   (vs 1 in 10,000 people for Vitamin D deregulation)
Suspect the Iron deregulation prevalence is higher (say 1 in 2,000) for meat-eating cultures.
Need to investigate excess iron characteristics:


More Than a Third of Women Under 50 Are Iron-Deficient - Oct 2023

New York times
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki


Seniors get half as much Iron from plants than younger adults

From Claude-2 Aug 2023
Yes, there is evidence that seniors absorb less iron from plant sources compared to younger adults:

  • Age-related changes in stomach acid secretion lead to reduced iron absorption, as stomach acid helps convert plant iron into a form that's more bioavailable.
  • A study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that iron absorption from spinach was 54% lower in elderly subjects compared to young adults.
  • Another study published in the British Journal of Nutrition showed that iron absorption from wheat, spinach, and lentils was 36-61% lower in the elderly versus young women.
  • The phytate content in whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds binds to iron and inhibits absorption. Phytate degradation declines with age, exacerbating the problem.
  • Elderly populations have a higher prevalence of atrophic gastritis, which impairs iron absorption, especially from plant sources.
  • Inflammation and increased hepcidin levels that occur with aging block iron absorption and transport.

So in summary, yes multiple factors including

  • reduced stomach acid,
  • impaired phytate breakdown,
  • inflammation and age-related digestive changes

result in significantly lower iron bioavailability from plant foods for seniors compared to younger adults. Seniors should be especially mindful of iron intake from plants vs animal foods.


The most common mineral deficiency in the world - Video Dec 2022

Dr. Berg 15 minute YouTube
He has 18 million followers
0:00 Introduction: The most common mineral deficiency in the world
0:58 Iron deficiency symptoms
3:48 What causes iron deficiency?
12:10 How to fix an iron deficiency
13:20 What about too much iron?
15:17 Learn more about how to improve digestion!
Symptoms of iron deficiency:
• Hair loss
• Arrhythmias
• Fatigue and weakness
• Dark circles under the eyes
• Restless leg syndrome
• Difficulty sleeping
• Low cold tolerance
• Split nails
• Trouble concentrating
• Fibromyalgia
Iron deficiency causes:
• Not consuming enough iron (animal products)
• IBS
• Inflammation
• Stress or trauma
• Bleeding or ulcers
• Low hydrochloric acid
• Menstruation
• Gastric bypass surgery
• Excessive exercise
• Antacids
• Fibroids
• Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding
• Puberty
• Eating disorders
• Phytic acid
• Tannins (tea, coffee, red wine)
• Chocolate
• Polyphenols (turmeric, red wine)
• Polymorphism
• Too much calcium or magnesium
• Infection
• Oxalates


Iron Supplement in WikiPedia

Iron can be supplemented by the oral route using various pharmacological forms, such as iron(II) sulfate (this is the most common and cheapest salt, e.g. Feratab, Fer-Iron, Slow-FE,…) and in complex with gluconate, dextran, carbonyl iron, and other salts. Sometimes ascorbic acid is added for better absorption.

Heme iron polypeptide (HIP) (e.g. Proferrin ES and Proferrin Forte) can be used when regular iron supplements such as ferrous sulfate or ferrous fumarate are not tolerated or absorbed. A clinical study demonstrated that HIP increased serum iron levels 23 times greater than ferrous fumarate on a milligram-per-milligram basis. Click here for details or studies and purchase also patented

Another alternative is ferrous glycine sulfate or ferroglycine sulfate, has less gastrointestinal side-effects than standard preparations such as iron fumarate, It is unusual among oral preparations of iron supplements in that the iron in this preparation has very high oral bio-availability esp in the liquid version (e.g. Hemfer by Alkem). This option should be evaluated before resorting to parenteral therapy. It is especially useful in iron deficiency anemia associated with autoimmune gastritis and Helicobacter pylori gastritis, where it generally has satisfactory effect.

Since iron stores in the body are generally depleted, and there is a limit to what the body can process (about 2–6 mg/kg of body mass per day; i.e. for a 100 kg/220 lb man this is equal to a maximum dose of 200–600 mg/per day) without iron poisoning, this is a chronic therapy which may take 3–6 months.

Due to the frequent intolerance of oral iron and the slow improvement, parenteral iron is recommended in many indications


Click here for more on HIP Iron at VitaminDWiki


A Patient’s Guide to Oral Iron Supplements Anemia.org 2008

Iron Supplement Tablet Size Elemental Iron
Ferrous fumarate 325 mg 108 mg
Ferrous sulfate 325 mg 65 mg
Ferrous gluconate 325 mg 35 mg
  • Adults will usually require a dose of 60-200 mg of elemental iron daily, depending on the severity of the anemia.2
    Since the amount of iron absorbed decreases as doses get larger, most people should take their daily iron supplement in two or three equally spaced doses.
  • Iron supplements are available in regular tablets and capsules, liquid, drops, and coated or extended-release tablets and capsules.

Iron deficiency without anemia - a clinical challenge - April 2018

Does not seem to consider HIP Iron
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki


Non-daily ferrous sulfate appears to be better than daily - July 2020

Comparison of the effects of oral iron treatment every day and every other day in female patients with iron deficiency anaemia
https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14766 $14 paywall
Methods: For a month,

  • Group I received 270 mg ferrous sulphate twice a day (total elemental iron dose: 160 mg/day),
  • Group II received 270 mg ferrous sulphate once a day (total elemental iron dose: 80 mg/day), and
  • Group III received 270 mg ferrous sulphate every other day (total elemental iron dose: 80 mg/every other day).

Intragroup and intergroup statistical analyses were carried out.

Results: Haemoglobin (Hb) increased significantly in all three groups (P = 0.00). The increase in Hb levels was similar among the groups (P = 0.09). Ferritin significantly increased in all three groups after the treatment (P = 0.00). The increase in ferritin in Group I was significantly higher than those in Groups II and III (P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal tract (GIS) side effects were also significantly higher in Group I in comparison to the others (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: A low-dosage of iron treatment every other day may be used in the place of providing iron once or twice every day with similar effectiveness and lower rates of GIS side effects.


Amazon Top rated Iron

  • Heme-iron polypeptide (HIP) apprears to be better absorbed and tolerated than ferrus sulfate
  • polysaccharide-iron complex (PIC) is tolerated better than sulfate
  • Iron protein succinylate nicely just dissolved in the intestine, rather than the stomach – less gastric irritation and more iron into the blood (LEF sells it)

Consumer Labs review of Iron supplements Updated Jan 2022 free 5 day trial

  • cost of 25 mg varied from 2 cents to $2.00 (Floradex with Herbs)

Iron supplements for fatigue Science-Based Medicine

  • Comment by one person: Vitamin C – its role in aiding iron absorption is with dietary iron, not as useful for iron supplements.

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Enhancers of iron absorption: ascorbic acid and other organic acids. PubMed 2005

  • lots of excellent information in the abstract

Ferrochel better ferrous sulfate during pregnancy PubMed 2001

  • 2X more taken the treatment adequately
  • 2X fewer still had Iron deficiency
  • none of Ferrochel patients had taste problems vs 29% of ferrous sulfate
  • Ferrochel had only 15 mg of Iron vs ferrous sulfate had 40 mg of Iron

Suppression of Iron-Regulatory Hepcidin by Vitamin D.

J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Bacchetta J, Zaritsky JJ, Sea JL, Chun RF, Lisse TS, Zavala K, Nayak A, Wesseling-Perry K, Westerman M, Hollis BW, Salusky IB, Hewison M.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, and.

The antibacterial protein hepcidin regulates the absorption, tissue distribution, and extracellular concentration of iron by suppressing ferroportin-mediated export of cellular iron. In CKD, elevated hepcidin and vitamin D deficiency are associated with anemia. Therefore, we explored a possible role for vitamin D in iron homeostasis. Treatment of cultured hepatocytes or monocytes with prohormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D or active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D decreased expression of hepcidin mRNA by 0.5-fold, contrasting the stimulatory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on related antibacterial proteins such as cathelicidin. Promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated that direct transcriptional suppression of hepcidin gene (HAMP) expression mediated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D binding to the vitamin D receptor caused the decrease in hepcidin mRNA levels. Suppression of HAMP expression was associated with a concomitant increase in expression of the cellular target for hepcidin, ferroportin protein, and decreased expression of the intracellular iron marker ferritin. In a pilot study with healthy volunteers, supplementation with a single oral dose of vitamin D (100,000 IU vitamin D2) increased serum levels of 25D-hydroxyvitamin D from 27±2 ng/ml before supplementation to 44±3 ng/ml after supplementation (P<0.001). This response was associated with a 34% decrease in circulating levels of hepcidin within 24 hours of vitamin D supplementation (P<0.05).
These data show that vitamin D is a potent regulator of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis in humans and highlight a potential new strategy for the management of anemia in patients with low vitamin D and/or CKD.

Wikipedia
Hepcidin is a peptide hormone produced by the liver.
It was discovered in 2000, and appears to be the master regulator of iron homeostasis in humans and other mammals.


See also VitaminDWiki



Diseases associated with

Low iron (menstruating) High iron (males)
Anemia Anemia of chronic disease
Fibromyalgia Premature aging
Inflammatory bowel disease Atherosclerosis
Hypothyroidism Anorexia
Depression / anxiety Grave's disease
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Heart arrhythmia
Parkinson's disease Cancer
Neurodegenerative conditions Sideroblastic anemia
Celiac disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Excess dietary fructose is a primary initiator of NAFLD,
but high iron is another culprit that triggers disease progression
Restless leg syndrome Liver damage and liver disease
Hair loss Still's disease
Muscle weakness, decline in motor skills Hemochromatosis
Mental changes and memory loss Hemophagocytic syndrome

  • Serum Ferritin and GGT — Two Potent Health Indicators You Need to Know Sept 2017
    "Iron Overload Is More Common Than Iron Deficiency"
    "In recent years, scientists have discovered GGT is highly interactive with iron, and when both your serum ferritin and GGT are high, you are at significantly increased risk of chronic health problems, because then you have a combination of free iron, which is highly toxic, and iron storage to keep that toxicity going"

Vitamin D deficiency increased risk of Iron Deficiency by 2x (children in Africa) - March 2022

Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association with Iron Deficiency in African Children
Nutrients 2022, 14(7), 1372; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071372
by Reagan M. Mogire 1,2,*ORCID,John Muthii Muriuki 1ORCID,Alireza Morovat 3ORCID,Alexander J. Mentzer 4,5,Emily L. Webb 6,Wandia Kimita 1,Francis M. Ndungu 1,Alex W. Macharia 1,Clare L. Cutland 7,Sodiomon B. Sirima 8,Amidou Diarra 8,Alfred B. Tiono 8ORCID,Swaib A. Lule 6,9ORCID,Shabir A. Madhi 10ORCID,Andrew M. Prentice 11ORCID,Philip Bejon 1,12,John M. Pettifor 13ORCID,Alison M. Elliott 9,14,Adebowale Adeyemo 15,Thomas N. Williams 1,12,16 andadd

Vitamin D regulates the master iron hormone hepcidin, and iron in turn alters vitamin D metabolism. Although vitamin D and iron deficiency are highly prevalent globally, little is known about their interactions in Africa. To evaluate associations between vitamin D and iron status we measured markers of iron status, inflammation, malaria parasitemia, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in 4509 children aged 0.3 months to 8 years living in Kenya, Uganda, Burkina Faso, The Gambia, and South Africa. Prevalence of iron deficiency was 35.1%, and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 0.6% and 7.8% as defined by 25(OH)D concentrations of <30 nmol/L and <50 nmol/L, respectively. Children with 25(OH)D concentrations of <50 nmol/L had a 98% increased risk of iron deficiency (OR 1.98 [95% CI 1.52, 2.58]) compared to those with 25(OH)D concentrations >75 nmol/L. 25(OH)D concentrations variably influenced individual markers of iron status. Inflammation interacted with 25(OH)D concentrations to predict ferritin levels. The link between vitamin D and iron status should be considered in strategies to manage these nutrient deficiencies in African children.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki


See also web


See also Hepcidin

  • VITAMIN D AND IRON, THE CONNECTION YOU NEVER KNEW ABOUT April 2017
    Kerri Knox April 2017 "VITAMIN D AND IRON ARE COFACTORS OF EACH OTHER, Case in point is our discussion here. Interestingly, the relationship between Vitamin D and Iron possibly runs both ways, as the research suggests that each are cofactors for each other. If you don’t have enough vitamin D, you can’t absorb iron properly; if you don’t have enough iron, you can’t have adequate vitamin D levels."

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How Much per person

Age Male Female Pregnancy Lactation
Birth to 6 months 0.27 mg 0.27 mg
19–50 years 8 mg 18 mg 27 mg 9 mg

The only difference between chlorophyll and hemoglobin is
   Magnesium vs Iron in the center

see  Overview of Magnesium http://is.gd/VDMag


Iron Deficiency symptoms

Top10HomeRemedies
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Iron Deficiency estimated by Smartphone photos - Nov 2018


Smartphone app for non-invasive detection of anemia using only patient-sourced photos

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This appears to be the 3rd smartphone application to detect anemia
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Did not notice if any of these are ready to be used by the general public

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Doubt that this, and similar tests that eliminate use of doctors, has been accepted by the FDA

 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki


Anemia while pregnant

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Aug 2017


Mercola May 2017

Why Managing Your Iron Level Is Crucial to Your Health Mercola May 2017

Iron: Not too much and not too little - Mercola Aug 2020

Your Iron Levels Could Be a Key to Slow Aging and Long Life

  • "... an excessive amount of iron is more common than having a deficiency."
  • "In one study, researchers estimated 40% to 70% of people with the defective genes will eventually have iron overload."

18+ Vitamin D pages contain "anemia" in the title

Items found: 18
Title Modified
Anemia 8X more likely in infants if low vitamin D – Sept 2023 07 Sep, 2023
Anemia 1.6 X more likely during pregnancy if low Vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2021 02 Jan, 2022
Anemia in pregnant teens 7X more likely if low vitamin D – April 2015 28 Nov, 2021
Anemia is assocated with both very low and very high vitamin D (Mexican seniors) – Oct 2021 28 Nov, 2021
Anemia in children 3.5 X more likely if low vitamin D – March 2018 21 Nov, 2018
Anemia (in heart failure) not treated by Vitamin D (they should have added Iron) – RCT Aug 2017 25 Aug, 2017
Sickle Cell Anemia: 64 percent had less than 10ng of vitamin D – April 2012 06 Mar, 2017
Those with Ulcerative colitis and low vitamin D were 3.3X more likely to have anemia – Oct 2013 18 Jan, 2017
Hypothesis: Iron deficiency anemia results in reduced vitamin D in blood 19 Jun, 2016
Low vitamin D - anemia 2.2X more likely (no surprise) – meta-analysis Aug 2015 28 Aug, 2015
Anemia perhaps results in low vitamin D for premenosausal women – March 2013 28 Aug, 2015
Inflammation Anemia in Blacks 8X more likely if less than 20 ng of vitamin D – April 2015 22 Aug, 2015
Anemia 1.9X more likely in white children having lowish vitamin D – Jan 2014 10 Aug, 2015
2X increased chance of anemia (low iron) associated with low vitamin D – Sept 2013 17 Apr, 2015
Infants who have iron deficiency anemia are 4X more likely to be vitamin D deficient – March 2013 15 Dec, 2014
Anemia associated with lower than 20 ng vitamin D among elderly – Jan 2011 15 Dec, 2014
Having celiac disease and low vitamin D only predicted psoriasis and anemia – Jan 2013 10 Jul, 2014
Another indiction that lower level of vitamin D are OK in blacks – Anemia Oct 2013 13 Oct, 2013

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Attached files

ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads
20248 Many Younger Women Are Iron Deficient NYT.pdf admin 18 Oct, 2023 153.95 Kb 82
17294 Iron Africa.pdf admin 25 Mar, 2022 13.10 Mb 600
16002 Iron April 2018.pdf admin 29 Jul, 2021 485.51 Kb 456
15874 Heme iron polypeptide for the management of anaemia of chronic kidney disease.pdf admin 06 Jul, 2021 482.86 Kb 535
14105 D and hepcidin RCT 2016.pdf admin 01 Aug, 2020 817.11 Kb 713
11108 Anemia while pregnant.jpg admin 29 Dec, 2018 40.84 Kb 5818
10974 Anemia graph.jpg admin 04 Dec, 2018 36.20 Kb 6715
10973 Anemia diagnostics.jpg admin 04 Dec, 2018 37.87 Kb 7156
10972 Anemia b.jpg admin 04 Dec, 2018 44.56 Kb 14300
10971 Anemia a.jpg admin 04 Dec, 2018 26.24 Kb 6813
10970 Anemia level deteceted by smartphone photo-compressed.pdf admin 04 Dec, 2018 382.56 Kb 1926
9450 Iron Deficiency top 10.jpg admin 06 Mar, 2018 51.76 Kb 8822
8067 iron-deficiency-and-vitamin-d.jpg admin 05 Jun, 2017 25.05 Kb 11355
8066 Supp with Vit D, increase Hepcidine.jpg admin 05 Jun, 2017 30.26 Kb 8245