Microplastics consumption - credit card's worth (5g) per week – June 2019

People are now INHALING a credit card's worth of plastics each week - Sept 2023

__You breathe in a credit card’s worth of microplastic every week

• "We breathe in about 16 bits of microplastic every hour,"
• "Experts are starting to correlate microplastics with lung inflammation, shortness of breath and a higher risk of lung cancer. Research on rats suggests that when microplastics infiltrate lung cells, they can start to jumble up cell composition. This suggests that exposure to microplastics can cause lung injury in humans, too. "

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Study: people could be eating a credit card's worth of microplastics per week- 2019

BoingBoing

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8 Types of Plastic Discovered in People Who Had Heart Surgery - Sept 2023

The Defender

• "It’s believed that most plastic particles enter the human bloodstream after being ingested or inhaled via food, water, air and other sources."

 Download the Report from VitaminDWiki

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Microplastics perturb macrophages in the lab - May 2023

The internal dose makes the poison: higher internalization of polystyrene particles induce increased perturbation of macrophages
Front Immunol. 2023; 14: May doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1092743

From abstract

• " Using polystyrene as a model of micro and nanoplastics, with size ranging from under 100 nm to 6 microns, we have showed that although non-toxic, polystyrene nano and microbeads alter the normal functioning of macrophages in a size and dose-dependent manner. Alterations in the oxidative stress, lysosomal and mitochondrial functions were detected"

 Download the Report from VitaminDWiki

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94% of US water contains microplastics

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Web

• Microplastics are messing with the microbiomes of seabirds - MIT Review March 2023
• Microplastics as an emerging source of particulate air pollution: A critical review - Sept 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126245 lots of text available for free, $$ for entire PDF7
• Micro to nano plastics and its link to human health Oct 2022 doi: 10.14744/ijmb.2022.64326 FREE PDF
• Baby Poop Is Loaded With Microplastics Wired Sept 2021
  • "An alarming new study finds that infant feces contain 10 times more polyethylene terephthalate (aka polyester) than an adult’s."
  • "Different varieties of plastic can contain any of at least 10,000 different chemicals, a quarter of which are of concern for people,.."
  • "Of particular concern are a class of chemicals called endocrine-disrupting chemicals, or EDCs, which disrupt hormones and have been connected to reproductive, neurological, and metabolic problems, for instance, increased obesity. The infamous plastic ingredient bisphenol A, or BPA, is one such EDC that has been linked to various cancers. "
• Researchers 'Gobsmacked' by Number of Microplastic Particles in Baby Bottles Treehugger Oct 2020
  • High temperature water releases >1,000,000 microplastics into each bottle of formula
  • 55 million per liter of water at 203 degrees F
• Scientists Can Detect Microplastics in Human Tissues Treehugger Aug 2020
  • From a press release by a technical meeting occurring that month
• How Plastics Can Affect Your Love Life Dr. Greger Dec 2018
• "Women working in automotive plastics and food canning are at five times the odds of breast cancer" **Free PDF online
• ocean water was thought to have 10 microplastics per cubic meter is found to have 8,300,000 per cubic meter Dec 2019
  • They finally got around to looking for the very very small particles
  • Every single one of the micro planktons (saps) contained microplastics
  • Microplastics are associated with brain damage and liver tumors in fish
  • Future research will determine microplastics effects further up the food chain - such as humans
• *Bans on Plastic Microbead - March 2020

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Rainfall in the Rocky Mountains contains microplastics - 2019

It's raining plastic in the Rockies Mother Nature Network

• "A study from scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey has found that 90 percent of rainwater samples from eight different locations along the Rockies contained plastics."

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Microplastics in Mosquitoes - Sept 2018

Microplastics are getting into mosquitoes and contaminating new food chains
In the lab they fed larva microplastics. "Plastics were retained as the mosquitoes went through different life stages"
Mosquitoes are eaten by birds and fish

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Unable to find anything about microplastics in vegetables as of June 2019 = no data

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Founder purchased Zero Water countertop water filter - Nov 2019

Zerowater.com
many different sizes, all models include a small meter to test the amount of dissolved solids
Removes 99% of microplastics and 100% of Glyphosate, Fluoride, etc.
Amazon $29, 3,000 reviews - also WalMart, Home Depot, etc.
Great 2019 review compared many filters - taste, quality, ergonomics, etc found Zero to be best
Does removes beneficial Magnesium ions from the water (10 mg/liter)
   I take daily Magnesium supplements (400 mg/day), so I do not feel the need to remineralize the water
It is not practical in areas with hard water (there is a US harness map at their website)
   the filter stops at 18 grams of dissolved solids - will not last a month if there is hard water
Uses some of the chemicals and filters used in RO systems
you can recycle 2 filters for $10 - but you pay the postage
Got it - tastes great and the water looks far cleaner than tap water
Continue to use it daily as of Sept 2023

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Visualizing the amount of microplastic we eat - Dec 2019

Reuters

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5+ VitaminDWiki pages with BPA in title

This list is automatically updated

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Your clothes can shed 700,000 microplastic fibers in a single wash - Feb 2023

Fast Company

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A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health - Feb 2020

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(4), 1212; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041212
by Claudia Campanale *ORCID,Carmine MassarelliORCID,Ilaria Savino,Vito Locaputo andVito Felice Uricchio
Water Research Institute-Italian National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Bari, BA, Italy

The distribution and abundance of microplastics into the world are so extensive that many scientists use them as key indicators of the recent and contemporary period defining a new historical epoch: The Plasticene. However, the implications of microplastics are not yet thoroughly understood. There is considerable complexity involved to understand their impact due to different physical–chemical properties that make microplastics multifaceted stressors. If, on the one hand, microplastics carry toxic chemicals in the ecosystems, thus serving as vectors of transport, they are themselves, on the other hand, a cocktail of hazardous chemicals that are added voluntarily during their production as additives to increase polymer properties and prolong their life. To date, there is a considerable lack of knowledge on the major additives of concern that are used in the plastic industry, on their fate once microplastics dispose into the environment, and on their consequent effects on human health when associated with micro and nanoplastics. The present study emphasizes the most toxic and dangerous chemical substances that are contained in all plastic products to describe the effects and implications of these hazardous chemicals on human health, providing a detailed overview of studies that have investigated their abundance on microplastics. In the present work, we conducted a capillary review of the literature on micro and nanoplastic exposure pathways and their potential risk to human health to summarize current knowledge with the intention of better focus future research in this area and fill knowledge gaps.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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Microplastics Pollution as an Invisible Potential Threat to Food Safety and Security, Policy Challenges and the Way Forward - Dec 2020

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(24), 9591; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249591
by Sunusi Usman 1ORCID,Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis 1,2,*ORCID,Khozirah Shaari 1,3,Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal 4,5ORCID,Mohd Zamri Saad 5,6ORCID,Nurulfiza Mat Isa 7,8,Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin 5ORCID,Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli 4ORCID,Jumria Sutra 4 andMusa Adamu Ibrahim 4

Technological advances, coupled with increasing demands by consumers, have led to a drastic increase in plastic production. After serving their purposes, these plastics reach our water bodies as their destination and become ingested by aquatic organisms. This ubiquitous phenomenon has exposed humans to microplastics mostly through the consumption of sea food. This has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to make an urgent call for the assessment of environmental pollution due to microplastics and its effect on human health. This review summarizes studies between 1999 and 2020 in relation to microplastics in aquatic ecosystems and human food products, their potential toxic effects as elicited in animal studies, and policies on their use and disposal. There is a paucity of information on the toxicity mechanisms of microplastics in animal studies, and despite their documented presence in food products, no policy has been in place so far, to monitor and regulates microplastics in commercial foods meant for human consumption. Although there are policies and regulations with respect to plastics, these are only in a few countries and in most instances are not fully implemented due to socioeconomic reasons, so they do not address the problem across the entire life cycle of plastics from production to disposal. More animal research to elucidate pathways and early biomarkers of microplastic toxicity that can easily be detected in humans is needed. This is to create awareness and influence policies that will address this neglected threat to food safety and security.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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VitaminDWiki – Interactions with Vitamin D contains

Interactions with Vitamin D has 115 items

Various drugs decrease Vitamin D
Antidepressants reduce cellular Vitamin D, increasing fractures, CVD, etc. - Oct 2022
Medications that appear to lower Vitamin D – Aug 2021
24 drugs that typically reduce Vitamin D levels – Review Aug 2021
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals - book April 2019
Common drugs as vitamin D disruptors – 2020
24 drugs that typically reduce Vitamin D levels – Review Aug 2021
Proton pump inhibitors decrease Vitamin D and Magnesium – Dec 2018
Drugs that may harm bone (vitamin D needed) -April 2016
Drugs which create deficiencies in Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, etc. – Sept 2017
Statins and Vitamin D - many studies
Glyphosate decreases Vitamin D getting to cells in many ways
Drugs which create a vitamin D deficiency
Antibiotics and Vitamin D are associated with many of the same diseases
More colas (fructose, caffeine, phosphoric acid), lower vitamin D – July 2014
A few Drugs increase Vitamin D
Contraceptives,   Probiotics
Vitamin D can decrease/increase impact of drugs
be careful of Chemotheraphy and Vitamin D
Vitamin D generally improves the efficacy of drugs while reducing their adverse effects – Jan 2020
Some Drugs decrease Vitiamin D co-factors or limit vitamin D getting to cells
Drugs which create deficiencies in Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, etc. – Sept 2017
Drugs Deplete Magnesium
Interaction of drugs with Vitamin D cofactors
Non-drugs also decrease vitamin D levels in blood and cells
Air pollution, toxins, heavy metals and smoking each result in lower Vitamin D levels – Nov 2018
Air Pollution reduces Vitamin D
Pesticides increase risk of Cancers, Alz, ALS, Asthma, ADHD, etc. (all related to low vitamin D) – Oct 2016
Plastics, BPA, PCB and Vitamin D deficiency
Smoking   Coffee
Cooked dried beans or peas