Joint effects of serum vitamin D insufficiency and periodontitis on insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2018 Jul 23;6(1):e000535. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000535. eCollection 2018.
Zuk AM1, Quiñonez CR2, Saarela O3, Demmer RT4, Rosella LC1,5,6.
- Chronic Periodontitis reduced by Omega-3 – RCT Sept 2018
- Periodontitis probably related to low Vitamin D – review June 2018
- Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis is 3X more likely if too much Vitamin D-Binding Protein – Nov 2016
- Even 1000 IU vitamin D reduced periodontitis – Jan 2011
Diabetes
Diseases that may be related via low vitamin D has the following
- Depression <==> Diabetes
- Diabetes ==> Parkinson's
- Dental problems==> depression (pregnancy)
- Obesity ==> Diabetes
- Kidney ==> Tooth loss (7x increase)
- Schizophrenia ==> Diabetes (3x increase)
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OBJECTIVE:
Periodontitis is strongly associated with diabetes and is increasingly shown to be associated with other glycemic abnormalities. Vitamin D is postulated to have both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the joint effects of both serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with periodontitis on homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:
Using data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the sample was restricted to adults over 30 years of age, who were eligible for oral health examination, and had vitamin D, fasting glucose and insulin measures. The analytic sample includes those with (n=1631) and without (n=1369) type 2 diabetes. Using survey logistic multivariable regression analysis, we examined the following joint effects:
- (1) vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) and moderate to severe periodontitis (VD+PD+);
- (2) vitamin D insufficiency and mild to no periodontitis (VD+PD-); and
- (3) vitamin D sufficiency ) (>50 nmol/L) and periodontitis (VD-PD+),
and compared these groups with the doubly unexposed reference group (VD-PD-).
RESULTS:
Consistently, the joint effects of vitamin D3 insufficiency and total vitamin D insufficiency with periodontitis (VD+PD+) were significantly associated with diabetes: OR=2.83 (95% CI 1.34 to 5.96) and OR=1.98 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.76), respectively. However, the joint effects of vitamin D3 insufficiency and periodontitis were attenuated for HOMA-IR 4.17: OR=1.57 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.55). Pre-diabetes was not associated with either joint effects.
CONCLUSION:
In this cross-sectional, nationally representative sample, the joint effects of vitamin D and periodontitis appear to differ for HOMA-IR, pre-diabetes and diabetes.