Quality of life of seniors increased by monthly 60,000 IU of Vitamin D - Nov 2025

Vitamin D Supplementation and Its Interaction with Common Medications: Impact on Serum Levels and Quality of Life in Adults with Comorbidities

Pharmaceuticals Volume 18 Issue 11 10.3390/ph18111727

by Fernando Lopez-Carmona 1ORCID,Antonio Toro-Ruiz 1ORCID,Celia Piquer-Martinez 1ORCID,Manuel Gomez-Guzman 2,3,4ORCID,Francisco Javier Ferreira-Alfaya 1ORCID,Maria Isabel Valverde-Merino 1ORCID,Francisco Rivas-Garcia 5,*ORCID andMaria Jose Zarzuelo 1ORCID

Background/Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with multiple comorbidities and pharmacological treatments that may interfere with its metabolism. Evidence on the effect of supplementation across different drug user groups remains limited.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted across community pharmacies over twelve months. Baseline socio-demographic, serum 25(OH)D concentration, quality of life (QoL), lifestyle habits, and medication use were collected. Participants received vitamin D supplementation for 12 months. Changes in vitamin D status and QoL were analyzed according to medication use. Logistic regression identified predictors of achieving adequate serum vitamin D levels (>30 ng/mL). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: At baseline, 87.2% of 210 participants had insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels. After supplementation, mean serum vitamin D increased significantly from 21.3 ± 8.2 to 32.1 ± 12.6 ng/mL (p < 0.001), and QoL scores improved from 68.6 ± 18.7 to 77.8 ± 18.5 (p < 0.001). Dietary intake of vitamin D–rich foods and outdoor activity also increased. Supplementation improved vitamin D status among users of

  • benzodiazepines,
  • proton pump inhibitors,
  • beta-blockers,
  • statins,
  • levothyroxine,
  • metformin, and
  • angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,

but not among

  • corticosteroid,
  • nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or
  • vitamin K antagonist.

Multivariate analysis confirmed adherence as a strongest predictor of vitamin D adequacy (OR = 15.31, 95% CI = 2.90–80.75), while corticosteroid therapy, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia were negatively associated.

Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation effectively corrected deficiency and improved QoL, but its efficacy varied according to comorbidities and medication use. Personalized supplementation strategies, emphasizing adherence and considering pharmacological profiles, may optimize outcomes. Further studies should explore mechanistic drug–nutrient interactions and long-term clinical implications.

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Apparently, most were getting 60,000 IU monthly, Vitamin D 21 ng ==>32 ng, QoL 69 ==>79

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