Hypothesis: Neanderthals died of Homo sapien germs (lacking vitamin D)
VITAMIN D AND THE HUMAN FAMILY TREE Heaney Blog Aug 2015
By Cindy Workman
Summary by VitaminDWiki
Homo sapiens got vitamin D from seafood and sea mammals
“Greenfield (in the book below) points out that only the Homo sapiens immigrants had developed cultural practices that included fishing and/or eating the meat and fat of marine mammals.”
Neanderthals had weak immune systems due to lack of vitamin D
Homo sapiens germs won.
Homo sapiens germs also killed out many homo sapiens natives (e.g. in the Western Hemisphere) who did not have immunity to the arriving germs.
Wonder if those natives also lacked vitamin D
Reference for the blog post
Vitamin D Deficiency In Modern Humans and Neanderthals
Amazon, Leonard O Greenfield, June 2015 $18
Comment
The 1999 Pulitzer Prize book Germs, Guns, Steel by Jared M. Diamond made a strong case for germs killing off the natives, I do not recall anything about the lack of seafood/vitamin D in the natives.