Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani and Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67394 251 references
- Male fertility 4 X higher if high Vitamin D – Nov 2015
- Assisted Reproduction – 5 studies concluded vitamin D repletion helps – Review March 2015
- Many fertility disorders associated with low vitamin D, still unsure how much is needed – Dec 2016
- Pregnancy success increased 30 percent if sunny (or vitamin D) one month earlier – June 2015
- Vitamin D somewhat assists reproduction – both the mother and the father – May 2014
- Preterm birth 3.3 times more likely if Vitamin D Receptor gene problem – Aug 2016
- In-vitro Fertilization costs at least 10,000 dollars, Vitamin D costs 5 dollars
Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D
has the following summary
Problem | Vit. D Reduces | Evidence |
| 0. Chance of not conceiving | 3.4 times | Observe |
| 1. Miscarriage | 2.5 times | Observe |
| 2. Pre-eclampsia | 3.6 times | RCT |
| 3. Gestational Diabetes | 3 times | RCT |
| 4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality | 3.5 times | Observe |
| 5. Premature birth | 2 times | RCT |
| 6. C-section - unplanned | 1.6 times | Observe |
| Stillbirth - OMEGA-3 | 4 times | RCT - Omega-3 |
| 7. Depression AFTER pregnancy | 1.4 times | RCT |
| 8. Small for Gestational Age | 1.6 times | meta-analysis |
| 9. Infant height, weight, head size within normal limits | RCT | |
| 10. Childhood Wheezing | 1.3 times | RCT |
| 11. Additional child is Autistic | 4 times | Intervention |
| 12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis | 1.9 times | Observe |
| 13. Preeclampsia in young adult | 3.5 times | RCT |
| 14. Good motor skills @ age 3 | 1.4 times | Observe |
| 15. Childhood Mite allergy | 5 times | RCT |
| 16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits | 2.5 times | RCT |
RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial
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Vitamin D is one of the steroid hormones.
The precursor of vitamin D, 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is an intermediary for cholesterol pathway, is available in the skin.
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation makes the transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol to provitamin D3, which automatically isomerizes to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
Vitamin D3 is secreted into blood circulation and carried by the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP).
Around 80-90% of vitamin D is from sunlight-derived production in the skin.
A little amount of vitamin D is also extracted from foods and/or additional supplementation.
Vitamin D has been well known for its function in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization.
Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D also modulates reproductive processes in women and men and is involved in many functions of the reproductive system.
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues of women and men.
This chapter presents an up-to-date review for describing the function of vitamin D in female reproduction throughout reproductive ages from menarche to menopause, during pregnancy and lactation, and some disorders affecting women and also the role of vitamin D applied to male fertility.