Summary of Editorial
This editorial discusses the complex relationships between vitamin D, mineral ions, and various chronic diseases, highlighting key findings from 15 research articles published by 102 authors.
Key Research Areas
Vitamin D and Metabolic Health
Vitamin D deficiency correlates with increased diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, and triglycerides, while decreasing HDL-C levels1. Low vitamin D levels are particularly linked to type 2 diabetes risk, with supplementation showing benefits primarily in prediabetic, nonobese patients.
Clinical Findings
Serum 25(OH)25(OH)D levels have increased among U.S. adults, with levels below 50 nmol/L associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality risk1. Vitamin D plays a dual role in both inflammation and calcium-phosphate metabolism, showing a U-shaped effect.
Autoimmune Connection
Higher serum vitamin D levels correlate with reduced autoimmune thyroid disease risk through multiple mechanisms, including T-cell regulation and HLA II gene expression suppression.
Testing and Monitoring
While vitamin D testing is important, it remains expensive and isn't recommended for the general population. Venous blood testing yields higher 25(OH)25(OH)D values compared to capillary blood testing.
Clinical Implications
Mineral Interactions
Magnesium inadequacy can disrupt PTH and vitamin D regulation, affecting bone health through the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway1. The relationship between dietary potassium intake and serum levels is complex, particularly in hemodialysis patients.
Disease Associations
Patients with hypoparathyroidism show increased risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and nephrolithiasis, but lower risk of fractures1. The circadian rhythm significantly affects vitamin D and PTH homeostasis, with night shift workers showing lower serum 25(OH)25(OH)D levels.
Which mineral ions are discussed
Based on the search results, several key mineral ions are discussed alongside magnesium:
Primary Mineral Ions:
- Calcium (Ca2+)
- Potassium (K+)
- Sodium (Na+)
- Iron (Fe2+/Fe^3+)
- Phosphate
- Chloride
- Zinc
- Selenium
Role of Magnesium:
Magnesium is particularly emphasized for its roles in:
- Acting as a cofactor in over 300 enzyme systems 4
- Regulating muscle and nerve function 4
- Controlling blood sugar levels and blood pressure 4
- Supporting protein, bone and DNA synthesis 4
- Facilitating active transport of calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes 2
- Working synergistically with vitamin D for:
- Bone health
- Muscle function
- Immune function 4
All these mineral ions work together in complex biological systems to maintain metabolic balance and overall health 6. Their interactions and proper balance are essential for normal physiological functioning and prevention of various metabolic disorders 6.
Health Problems discussed
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
Metabolic syndrome
Obesity and lipid abnormalities
Kidney stone disease (KSD)
Renal tubular damage/dysfunction
Distal renal tubular acidosis
Hypertension
Cardiovascular disease
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Microbiome dysbiosis
Endocrine Disorders
Parathyroid hormone disorders
Vitamin D deficiency
Sleep-Related Conditions
Sleep disorders
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Circadian rhythm disruption
Table of Contents
- Editorial: Vitamin D and mineral ion homeostasis: endocrine dysrégulation in chronic diseases
- Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance in kidney stone disease: a narrative review
- Overview of research progress on the association of dietary potassium intake with serum potassium and survival in hemodialysis patients, does dietary potassium restriction really benefit hemodialysis patients?
- Correlation of renal function indicators and vascular damage in T2DM patients with normal renal function
- A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on autoimmune thyroid disease
- A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis excludes causal relationships between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and kidney stones
- Trends of serum 25(01-1) vitamin D and association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: from NHANES survey cycles 2001-2018
- Sex-specific differences in the associations between adiposity indices and incident hyperuricemia among middle-aged and older adults: a nationwide longitudinal study
- Association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes in Shenzhen, China
- Machine learning-based prediction of vitamin D deficiency: NHANES 2001-2018
- Incident comorbidities in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy: a multicenter nationwide study
- Identification and characterization of a novel CASR mutation causing familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
- The impact of vitamin D on the etiopathogenesis and the progression of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adults
- Persistent hypercalcaemia associated with two pathogenic variants in the CYP24A1 gene and a parathyroid adenoma—a case report and review
- The role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis
- Correlation and consistency between two detection methods for serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels in human venous blood and capillary blood