Association of parental-reported vitamin D supplementation with dental caries of 3-year-old children in Poland: a cross-sectional study
Clinical Oral Investigations (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03914-8
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk, Urszula Kaczmarek, Dariusz Gozdowski & Anna Turska-Szybka
400 IU daily for infants (is enough to prevent rickets)
- Turkey gave 400 IU vitamin D to all infants and reduced Rickets by 60X - 2011
- 400 IU of Vitamin D in food provided virtually no benefit to children - March 2018
600 IU daily for infants
1,000 IU for infants
1600 IU for infants
- Third study found that Infants needed 1600 IU of vitamin D – JAMA RCT May 2013
- 1600 IU vitamin D safe for infants – RCT Nov 2102
2,000 IU for infants
- in the 1960's Finland gave 2,000 IU to infants, and no problem seen even 35 years later
- Children need 2000 IU of Vitamin D (India) - RCT May 2019
Non-daily Vitamin D is as good or better
- Vitamin D for infants – 100,000 IU monthly is better than 400 IU daily – RCT Oct 2020 ~3,000 IU daily
- Newborn Vitamin D - single 50,000 IU is better than daily – RCT Sept 2016
- 600,000 IU of vitamin D2 every 4 months for decades in East Germany – 1987
Pre-term
- Fewer pre-infants were vitamin D deficient when they got 800 IU – RCT Feb 2014
- Preemies getting 800 IU of vitamin D were 3X less likely to have low bone density 4 weeks later – RCT Oct 2017
Getting Vitamin D into infants
Many infants reject vitamin D drops, even when put on nipple
I speculate that the rejection is due to one or more of: additives, taste, and oils.
Infants have a hard time digesting oils, 1999 1997 and palm oils W.A. Price 1 2 3
Coconut oil, such as in D-Drops, is digested by infants. 1, 2 3
Bio-Tech Pharmacal Vitamin D has NO additves, taste, nor oil
One capsule of 50,000 Bio-Tech Pharmacal Vitamin D could be stirred into monthly formula or given once a month
this would result in ~1,600 IUs per day for infant, and higher dose with weight/age/formula consumption
Note: This survey found that children in Poland often only get Vitamin D supplments in the winter
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Objective
The study aimed to assess the association between parental-reported vitamin D supplementation and caries in a national sample of 3-year-olds in Poland.
Materials and methods
A total of 1900 children, representing all provinces of Poland, were invited. The questionnaires concerned vitamin D supplementation, socio-demographics, and oral health behaviours. Based on dental examination, caries scores (dmft/dmfs), prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and severe ECC (S-ECC) were calculated. The Spearman’s correlation, linear regression and logistic regression were used to assess the association between various factors and caries (p < 0.05).
Results
A total of 1638 children were tested. Of this number, 99.1% infants were supplemented with vitamin D. Supplementation had been continued seasonally in 55.2% children. ECC/S-ECC prevalence were significantly lower in children receiving vitamin D (ECC 38.3% vs. 44.7%, OR = 0.77; S-ECC 20.5% vs. 27.1%, OR = 0.69; p < 0.05). Mean dmft/dmfs were lower in those with supplementation (1.54 ± 2.72 vs. 2.24 ± 3.55; 2.40 ± 5.56 vs. 3.72 ± 7.56, respectively; p < 0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, supplementation was not significantly associated with caries; only dt/ds were still associated. Maternal education, sweetened beverages before bedtime, bottle use were significantly associated with S-ECC.
Conclusions
Lower caries prevalence was observed in those with vitamin D supplementation. The association between parental-reported vitamin D and ECC/S-ECC was not significant in Polish children. Decayed teeth and supplementation were still associated. Dietary habits can modify the association with caries.
Clinical relevance
There may be an association between vitamin D supplementation and lower caries in children. Parents should supplement their children during periods of significant growth and development.
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