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Severe childhood COVID-19 associated with Vitamin D deficiency (hospital in Turkey) – March 2021

The association between vitamin D levels and the clinical severity and inflammation markers in pediatric COVID-19 patients: single-center experience from a pandemic hospital

European Journal of Pediatrics (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04030-1
Elvan Bayramoğlu, Gülşen Akkoç, Ayşe Ağbaş, Özlem Akgün, Kamer Yurdakul, Hatice Nilgün Selçuk Duru & Murat Elevli
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Note: No COVID-19 vaccine is expected to be available to children until 2022
Consider increasing vitamin D levels in children so as to reduce COVID-19 risk until vaccine is available

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Vitamin D has an immunomodulating property that regulates the inflammatory response. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and clinical severity and inflammation markers in children and adolescents with COVID-19. The clinical and laboratory records of 103 pediatric cases with COVID-19, whose vitamin D levels had been measured, were retrospectively reviewed. The cases were divided into groups according to their clinical severity (asymptomatic, mild, and moderate-to-severe) and vitamin D levels. The moderate-to-severe clinical group had significantly higher inflammation markers (CRP, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, D-dimer) and a lower lymphocyte count compared to both the mild and asymptomatic groups. The 25 OH vitamin D levels were also significantly lower (p < 0.001), and the ratio of vitamin D deficiency was 70.6% in the moderate-to-severe group. The vitamin D–deficient group had a significantly higher age and fibrinogen levels while also having a lower lymphocyte count compared to the insufficient and normal groups. The 25 OH vitamin D level was correlated positively with the lymphocyte count (r = 0.375, p = <0.001), and negatively with age (r = −0.496, p = <0.001), CRP (r = −0.309, p = 0.002) and fibrinogen levels (r = −0.381, p = <0.001). In a logistic regression analysis, vitamin D deficiency, D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels on admission were independent predictors of severe clinical course.

Conclusion: This study revealed an association between vitamin D deficiency and clinical severity, in addition to inflammation markers in pediatric COVID-19 cases. Prophylactic vitamin D supplementation may be considered, especially in the adolescent age group.

What is Known:

  • The pathology of COVID-19 involves a complex interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system. Hyperinflammation/cytokine storm is held responsible for the severity of the disease.
  • Vitamin D has multiple roles in the immune system that can modulate the body reaction to an infection.

What is New:

  • Clinically more severe group had significantly lower vit D levels and significantly higher inflammation markers.
  • Lower 25 OH vit D levels were associated with higher inflammation markers, suggesting an important role of vitamin D in the clinical course of COVID-19 in children and adolescents probably by regulating the systemic inflammatory response.
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Created by admin. Last Modification: Sunday August 29, 2021 19:03:18 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 7)

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