Respiratory viral infection (RSV) and low vitamin D - several studies

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VitaminDWiki

Items in categories Infant-Child AND Breathing AND Intervention:

Items in categories Seniors AND Breathing:

Items in categories Breathing and Virus:

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Seasonal variations of respiratory viruses detected from children with respiratory tract infections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - 2018    Download

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Bronchiolitis    Download
(RSV) accounts worldwide for more than 60% of acute respiratory infections in children and more than 80% in infants younger than 1 year and at the peak of viral season.

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RSV is also a problem for SENIORS in the winter Oct 2017

• Most people contract the virus by age 2 and get it repeatedly throughout life.
• For healthy people, RSV feels like a cold.
  • Its symptoms can be indistinguishable from the flu, except for the fact that RSV is less likely than the flu to cause fever.

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RSV is also known as Human orthopneumovirus - Wikipedia

• " It is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospital visits during infancy and childhood."
• "In temperate climates there is an annual epidemic during the winter months; in tropical climates, infection is most common during the rainy season."
• "In the United States, 60% of infants are infected during their first HRSV season,[2] and nearly all children will have been infected with the virus by 2–3 years of age"
• RSV is an enveloped virus, similar to Coronavirus
  • Vitamin D can inhibit enveloped virus (e.g. Corona, Herpes, Zoster, Epstein, Hepatitis, RSV) – March 2011
  • Some enveloped virus are 1.2 X more likely if have a poor Vitamin D Receptor -Aug 2018
  • Risk of enveloped virus infection is increased 50 percent if poor Vitamin D Receptor - meta-analysis Dec 2018

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Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Japanese Infants Younger Than 3-months Old With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection - July 2020

Jpn J Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 30. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2019.541
Hisashi Kawashima 1, Masahiro Kimura 1, Shinichiro Morichi 1, Shigeo Nishimata 1, Gaku Yamanaka 1, Yasuyo Kashiwagi 1
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

Low levels of blood vitamin D have been reported in children who have frequent respiratory tract infections. We measured serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D in Japanese infants less than 3-months old infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D of the 10 infants, excluding those with underlying diseases, were between less than 4 to 29.8 ng/mL. In 8 out of 10 subjects (80.0%), serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were less than 20 ng/mL. There was no statistically significant association between levels of 25-OH vitamin D and age, duration of admission, respiratory severity score, white blood cell count, blood gas levels, and NT-proBNP levels. Levels of serum 25-OH vitamin D in children who required hospitalization owing to RSV infection were low, indicating deficiency. These results suggested that vitamin D deficiency affects the susceptibility to RSV infection, but not the severity of the RSV respiratory infection.

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4.5X more Oxygen for Viral Respiratory Illness in Infants if low vitamin D - 2017

Inverse Correlation between 25-OH Vitamin D Levels and Severity of Viral Respiratory Illness in Infants
Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology 2017, 3:030 DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510030
Mary Fairchok1,3'4*, Christina Schofield1, Wei-Ju Chen2,4, Mary Pugh3,4, Hugh Bigg1, John C Arnold5 and Eugene VMillar2,4*

Background: 25-OH vitamin D levels above 30 ng/mL activate HCAP-18, which impacts the immune response to respiratory viruses. While emerging data suggests a link between low levels of 25-OH vitamin D and an increased incidence of respiratory infections, the relationship between these levels and severity of infection is unknown. We hypothesized that infants with insufficient 25-OH vitamin D levels would have more severe viral respiratory infections.

Methods: Healthy infants admitted with fever and cough or congestion were prospectively enrolled and 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured. Presumptive bacterial infections were excluded. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected for determination of viral etiology by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Demographics and severity markers were recorded. Levels were categorized as sufficient (> 30 ng/ mL), or insufficient (< 30 ng/mL).

Results: We enrolled 90 subjects. 25-OH vitamin D was < 30 ng/mL in 66%. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common virus. On multivariable analysis, breastfeeding was the only risk factor found to be associated with insufficiency. Administration of antibiotics and intravenous fluid, and PICU admission were not significantly different in infants with insufficient levels. However, infants with insufficient vitamin D had increased durations of both

• hospitalization (1.4 days, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-1.9 days) and
• oxygen use (2.2 days, 95% CI = 1.4-3.5 days), and used a
• higher level of oxygen supplementation (odds ratio = 4.58, 95% CI = 1.58-13.23).

Conclusions: Infants with 25-OH vitamin D insufficiency had more severe viral respiratory illnesses. Breastfeeding was associated with insufficiency. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy might be a strategy to reduce risk and severity of respiratory illness in infants.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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Web

• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Medicinenet June 2021
  • Vitamin D is not mentioned
• What is the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection prevention? Feb 2019
  • "neonates born with 25-OHD concentrations lower than 50 nmol/L had a 6-fold greater risk of RSV LRTI in the first year of life than neonates with 25-OHD concentrations of 75 nmol/L or less. "

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