Low Vitamin D associated 1.8X increased risk of COVID-19 death in hospital – meta-analysis Nov 4, 2020

Low serum vitamin D level and COVID-19 infection and outcomes, a multivariate meta-analysis

Jie Chen, Lixia Xie, Ping Yuan, Jianyong Ma, Peng Yu, Chunhua Zheng, Xiao Liu
Preprint Oct 27 doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.24.20218974

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether serum vitamin D is independently associated with COVID-19 infection and outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We identified relevant studies by searching the PubMed, Embase, and medRxiv databases from December 2019 to October 1, 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effects models. Only reports with multivariate adjusted results were included to avoid the impact of potential confounding factors.

Results: A total of six studies with 377,265 patients were identified. Overall, in the categorical analysis, a low serum vitamin D level was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19

• infection (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09- 1.97, I2=81%),
• hospitalization (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.22-2.74, I2=0%),

but not in-hospital death (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 0.27-27.61). Notably, when vitamin D level was analyzed as a continuous variable, each 5 ng/ml increase in vitamin D level was not associated with any increased risk of COVID-19 infection (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96-1.12, I2=74%) or in-hospital death (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93-1.12).

Conclusions: Low serum vitamin D is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. In-hospital death showed a tendency to be increased in COVID-19 patients with low vitamin D levels. The ongoing clinical trials for evaluation of vitamin D supplementation will be key to the validation of this adjunctive treatment for COVID-19 patients.

 Download the final Nov 4 peer-reviewed version from sci-hub VitaminDWiki
     Download the previous Oct 27 pre-print version from VitaminDWiki

See also: COVID-19 1.7X more likely to be severe if low Vitamin D - meta-analysis Oct 2020

COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D - studies, reports, videos

As of Aug 22, 2023, the VitaminDWiki COVID page had:  19 trial results,   37 meta-analyses and reviews,   Mortality studies   see related:   Governments,   HealthProblems,   Hospitals,  Dark Skins,   All 26 COVID risk factors are associated with low Vit D,   Fight COVID-19 with 50K Vit D weekly   Vaccines   Take lots of Vitamin D at first signs of COVID   166 COVID Clinical Trials using Vitamin D (Aug 2023)   Prevent a COVID death: 9 dollars of Vitamin D or 900,000 dollars of vaccine - Aug 2023
5 most-recently changed Virus entries

Recent Vitamin D and COVID-19 Click here for all VIRUS articles on VitaminDWiki

• Athletes who had been COVID infected had lower Vitamin D levels – July 2023
• Vitamin D was the most popular supplement during the COVID Pandemic – July 2023
• COVID cost the US 18,000 dollars per survivor, and many excess deaths - July 2023
  • Note: Vitamin D would have been 2000X less expensive
• COVID, Long-COVID and Vitamin D in children - Review April 2023
• COVID in hospital stopped by Vitamin D Receptor activators (curcumin, quercetin) – RCT June 2023
• Children with COVID 4X more likely to have poor Vitamin D Receptors (Note: COVID deactivates VDR) – April 2023
• Chance of moderately severe COVID 3X less likely if plant-based diet – April 2021
• COVID, Long COVID, and Vitamin D – May 2023
• 3,400 peer-reviewed studies found COVID Vaccination problems as of April 2023
• COVID death 1.5 X less likely if high vitamin D, emergency D (50K to 100K) is great – meta-analysis March 2023
• Poor vaccine batches associated with adverse events - March 2023
  • Probably less of a problem if had high Vitamin D when vaccinated
• Excess deaths - 5 possible reasons - many studies
  • Probably multiple vaccinations wears out the immune system
  • Perhaps high vitamin D when vaccinated will not wear out the immune system 1  2   3
• COVID was associated with low Vitamin D or Zinc – umbrella review Feb 2023
• COVID predicted to be a pandemic that could be stopped by high dose vitamin D - Feb 2020
• COVID and other Virus fought by UV - many studies
• Seniors raised Vitamin D levels, more COVID survivors, less CKD (Slovakia) – Feb 2023
• COVID recovery 1.6X faster after 200,000 IU of Vitamin D RCT – Feb 2023
• Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome of COVID in Children 3X more likely if low Vitamin D – Feb 2023
• COVID was associated with low Vitamin D or Zinc – umbrella review Feb 2023
• Vitamin D, now conclusive (for COVID) - Dr. Campbell Video and transcript - Feb 1, 2023
• COVID ICU 3X less-likely if take any amount and type of Vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 2023
• 2nd COVID infection increases the risk of Long-COVID - 2022
• More COVID vaccinations, more infections - Cleveland Clinic - Dec 2022
  • 
• COVID vaccination increased by 137X the risk of 10-14 year olds of dying (UK) – Jan 2023
• Chart of excess deaths and vaccination in the Netherlands - for 2022
• China: From Zero Covid to No Plan - people left to improvise - NYT Dec 18, 2022
• COVID variants in US evade bivalent vaccination by 3X to 13X – Cell Dec 13, 2022
• Fight infections such as COVID with 50 ng of Vitamin D – Sunil Dec 2022
• COVID and Vitamin D: any amount of D, at any time, for any duration reduced ICU - meta-analysis Dec 2022
• The vitamins and minerals that help the immune system respond to respiratory viruses – Dec 2022
• The COVID supplement with the most publications: Vitamin D – Nov 2022
• 23 COVID mitigation strategies: at least 6 of which increase Vitamin D in cells - Sept 2022
• Severe COVID 1.8 X more likely in pregnant women with less than 15 ng of vitamin D – Nov 2022
• Long-COVID fatigue reduced by Vitamin C and l-Arginine in one month– RCT Nov 2022
• COVID 2X more likely to be severe if low Vitamin D in previous month (Denmark, May 2020) – Nov 2022
• Respiratory viral infection (RSV) and low vitamin D - many studies
• T1 Diabetic adults 5X more likely to get COVID (hint low vitamin D)– Nov 2022
• Prevent a COVID death: 9 dollars of Vitamin D or 900,000 dollars of vaccine - Aug 2023
• COVID US deaths: 116,000 fewer if everyone had been taking 50,000 IU Vitamin D – Campbell transcript Nov 2022
• COVID existed in the second half of 2019 - several studies nothing about Vitamin D
• PICU layoffs due to pandemic lulls, but children are now getting 3 years of viral infection all at once – Oct 2022 nothing about Vitamin D
• Fatigue and other long-haul problems appear to be associated with low Magnesium - Chambers Oct 2022
• Long-COVID symptoms in 10 Percent of women 3 months after infection (22 countries) – Oct 2022 nothing about Vitamin D
• COVID-Osteoporosis association appears to be low Vitamin D – Oct 2022
• Low Magnesium associated with severe COVID – many studies
• 10,000 COVID infections: Hospitalization 2.4X more likely if low vitamin D - Oct 2022
• BIDEN: "Almost everyone who will die from COVID this year will not be up to date on their shots." (nope) - Oct 2022
• Tripledemic: Flu, COVID, and RSV (all fought by Vitamin D) - Oct 2022
• COVID: more than 33 lineages and vaccines – Nov 2022 nothing about Vitamin D
• 1,000 X lower COVID mortality rate in 2020 for age 10 vs 65 – Oct 2022
• COVID 5.5 X more likely to be severe if low Vitamin D (children in this case) – Oct 2022
• Vitamin D was the most popular nutraceutical to avoid COVID – 41 percent of dentists in Brazil – Oct 2022
• The more COVID vaccinations you get, the More Likely you’ll get COVID - Oct 2022
• CDC v-safe vaccination data is finally on-line - Oct 5, 2022
• 400 doctors, scientists declare “international medical crisis” due to COVID-19 vaccinations - Sept 2022
• Hair loss is increased by stress: example 4X increase by COVID (hint: Vitamin D) – Sept 2022
• COVID in hospital fought by Vitamin D (25,000 IU daily for 4 days, then 25K weekly) - RCT – July 2022
• We had an inexpensive life-saving solution both before and during the pandemic (Vitamin D) - Malone May 2022
• Australia’s COVID Response resulted in 31 X more life years lost than were saved - Sept 2022
• Congress members demand FDA Investigate COVID-19 Vaccine Injuries – Sept 2022
• Early puberty during pandemic (perhaps just low vitamin D) - Sept 2022
• Vitamin D energizes the innate and adaptive immune systems to fight lung inflammation – Sept 2022
• COVID increased seniors risk of Alzheimer's by 1.7X in the next year- Sept 2022
• Pfizer vaccination trial – 1 in 800 actually had a serious adverse event – Sept 2022
• Model discovered: More UV, less COVID (many excellent charts) – Sept 2022
• COVID kids were more likely to have a poor VDR (4.3 X), than low Vitamin D (2.6 X) – Sept 2022
• Worse COVID during 3Q pregnancy if 2.5 ng lower Vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2022
• COVID fought by the antioxidants: Vitamin D, Zinc, Vitamin C, and Selenium – Review Sept 2022
• Vitamin D Supplementation and COVID-19 Outcomes: Mounting Evidence and Fewer Doubts - Aug 2022
• Many viral infections can be fought by Vitamin D (Astronaut’s in this case)– Aug 2022
• COVID worse if lower Vitamin C, but not Vitamin D in this study – Aug 2022 Why C but NOT D?
• Vitamin D improves Sinovac vaccine (fast innate response) - July 2022
• COVID survival in Europe in 2020 best predicted by population-level Vitamin D (of 13 variables) – July 2022
• Vitamin D can provide HEALTH immunity to fight the Corona virus this fall - Aug 2022
• Super-immune do not get COVID symptoms (perhaps Vitamin D) - Aug 2022
• COVID children helped by Vitamin D, trial terminated: unethical to not give Vitamin D to all: – RCT July 2022
• Current Compherensive Approach to COVID-19 (293 pages) - July 2022
• Some countries give treatment kits containing vitamin D if test positive for COVID - July 2022
• Elderly who had been in COVID ICU were 4X more likely to die if low vitamin D – Nov 2022
• Pandemic of the Boosted: UK Data Reveal Problem With COVID Vaccinations - July 2022
• Pandemic Vitamin D levels dropped by 3.3 ng (perhaps less D, more health problems) – May 2022
• Long-COVID is now the biggest COVID concern - many studies
• Severe COVID 2.6 X less likely if supplement with Vitamin D – 26th meta-analysis - July 2022
• Calcifediol is in the title of 7 virus pages as of June 2022
• Some COVID hospitalizations are due to poor Vitamin D genes (Binding Protein in this commentary) – June 2022
• COVID, Cancer, etc. are Vitamin D low-hanging-fruit – Editorial June 2022
• COVID deaths are often of fully vaccinated in fully vaccinated countries – June 2022
• Both Omicron and Monkeypox show evidence of mutation by the human immune system – June 2022
• Treat COVID early with high-dose Vitamin D (20th as of June 2022)
• Vitamin D might mitigate endemic COVID - June 2022
• Vitamin D also provides COVID Neuroprotection – April 2022
• 89% are vaccinated, but Omicron BA.5 is surging (Portugal) June 2022
• COVID hospital deaths reduced 2X by 8 days of UVB – pilot RCT May 2022
• Surviving COVID with vitamins and minerals is not a myth – June 2022
  • Vitamin D is the only one which: 1) Can be done at home, 2) Needs only a single dose
• 400,000 IU of vitamin D 3 days after COVID symptoms reduced 14 day mortality by 3X – Annweiler RCT May 2022
• COVID patients not helped by 500K IU of Vitamin D (they already had enough) – May 2022
  • Suspect that they did not get the Vitamin D until 1 week after getting symptoms
  • both groups had adequate vitamin D levels upon entering hospital
• COVID-19 Is Treatable and Preventable With Vitamin D: Dr. Malone - May 24, 2022
• Less COVID if more vitamin D from food (Spain) – May 2022
• You Are Going to Get COVID Again … and Again … and Again once every 3 years
  • Unless you take Vitamin D
• Omicron BA.2.12.1 - US dominate form,100,000 cases daily - May 24, 2022
• Problems after childhood vaccinations - many studies - perhaps fewer problems if more Vitamin D
• Loading dose of Vitamin D for patients hospitalized with COVID (140,000 IU) – RCT completed 2021
• COVID Ventilation 2X less likely if 200,000 IU of Vitamin D when enter hospital – May 2022
• COVID in seniors 5X less likely to be severe if vegetarian (small study) – April 2022
• Inhaling Nitric Oxide 4 times a day (which increases Vitamin D) fights COVID - May 2022
• Forecast of 100 million more US COVID infections in fall and winter - May 2022
• Vitamin D, Immune function, and SARS-CoV2 – May 2022
• COVID death 5.2X more likely if Vitamin D deficient – May 2022
• Severe COVID while pregnant - none had taken any vitamin D – Oct 2021
• Risk factors for severe COVID in children are all related to low vitamin D (same as adults) - April 2022
• Innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations - April 2022
  • Dr. McCullough is one of the authors, in-depth look at VARS 2021 data
• COVID death 6.9X less likely if high Magnesium to Calcium ratio – April 2022
  • 13 Magnesium and COVID studies in VitaminDWiki
• 21 fewer days in hospital with ARDS (COVID) if 10,000 IU of Vitamin D daily after enter hospital – RCT April, 2022
  • Speculation: "No hospitalization if had gotten high dose vitamin D at COVID symptom onset"
• 4X less likely to get COVID following 4,000 IU daily for a month – RCT April 2022
• COVID and CVD deadly pandemics share a risk factor: low vitamin D - April 2022
• 29 X more likely to die of COVID if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D - March 2022
• 2.9 X less risk of COVID ICU if seniors had supplemented with Vitamin D (any amount) – April 2022
  • Data from Spring of 2020. Wonder why the 2 year delay
• Micronutrients such as vitamin D should improve vaccine effectiveness (and decrease side effects) – April 2022
• High altitudes reduce the COVID-19 infection (not a surprise) – April 2022
• Obesity, Hypovitaminosis D, and COVID-19 – April 2022
• COVID while pregnant: 2.6 X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient (need to supplement) - March 2022
• Pfizer vaccine produced 30 percent more antibodies if more vitamin D – July 2022
• COVID-XE variant can probably be fought by strong immune systems (Vitamin D, etc.) - April 2022
• COVID Long-Haul at 49 weeks: overactive immune system, type O blood - March 2022
• CDC and UK data reveal the COVID vaccines do not prevent cases, transmission, severe illness or deaths - April 3, 2022
• Children have less severe COVID, but just as much long-haul as adults - April 2022
• COVID-XE variant can probably be fought by strong immune systems (Vitamin D, etc.) - April 2022
• COVID breakthru 2X more likely if pregnant (should take Vitamin D) - April 2022
• COVID, like influenza, may be able to mutate to avoid vaccines for decades - March 2022
• Increase in COVID Omicron deaths among vaccinated (CA this time) - March 2022
• Risk of COVID not reduced by 3,200 IU of vitamin D during 6 months (no surprise) – RCT March 2022
• COVID length of stay: the best predictor was Vitamin D (of 70 parameters) – March 2022
• Review of Early Treatments of COVID-19 (within a few days of symptoms)
• Omicron-1 survives on surfaces 3X longer than original - March 18, 2022
• Compare symptoms of Omicron, Flu and Colds Vitamin D fights all of them
• Immune system both activates and uses vitamin D (in brain, fight COVID, etc.) - March 2022
• COVID length of stay: The best predictor was Vitamin D (of 70 parameters) – March 2022
• COVID: most places are dropping restrictions, some are surging, and a few are both - March 15, 2022
• Giving Vitamin D often reduced COVID Mortality– Review of 11 studies – March 2022
• 18 million excess global deaths in past 2 years: COVID plus collateral damage - Lancet March 2022
  • decreased Vitamin D due to lock-up is one of the possible causes
• Vitamin D of 30-40 ng fights COVID, Dr. Grimes on Liverpool Study - March 2022
• Vitamin D separately helps X or COVID, should help X with COVID (example: diabetes) – March 2022
  • Recall: 26 health problems associated with increased COVID risk, ALL are assoicated with low vitamin D
• COVID can be fought by healthy immune systems (vitamins, etc.) - Feb 2022
  • Note elsewhere: Vitamin D improved immune system so much that half did not even test positive 24th meta-analysis
• Vitamin D helps both the innate and adaptive immune systems fight COVID-19 – Jan 2022
• Only a single supplement taken before infection decreased COVID severity (vitamin D) – Feb 2022
• COVID children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome have less than 10 ng of vitamin D – March 2022
• Vitamin D supplementation reduced risk of COVID-19 ICU by 2.8 X – review of 10 reviews Feb 2022
• COVID vaccination makes 6X more antibodies in those having good levels of both vitamin D and Iron – June 2021
• VitaminDWiki interview and transcript - Jan 2022 143 minute - includes a section on early treatments for COVID
• 14 X less likely to have severe COVID if previously had more than 40 ng level of Vitamin D – Feb 2022
• How vitamins A, B, C, D, E, F (Omega), K fight COVID - Feb 2022
• Estrogen supplements may cut COVID-19 deaths by half (no surprise - more E, more Vitamin D) - Feb 2022
• Group achieving 30 ng (vs 26 ng) were 2X less likely to get COVID symptoms - RCT Jan 2022
• Vitamin D helps both the innate and adaptive immune systems fight COVID-19 – Jan 2022
• COVID test positive is about half as likely if have Vitamin D – 24th meta-analysis - Jan 2022
• FLCCC COVID guidelines now include vitamin D loading doses - Jan 2022
• Vitamin D and its’ role in Parkinson’s disease patients with COVID - Jan 2022
• COVID death rate was 3X lower in those with Multiple Sclerosis (85 pcnt were taking Vitamin D) - Jan 2022
• Vitamin D fights COVID (54 studies of 1,400,000 people) – 23rd meta-analysis - Dec 2021
• Vitamin D benefits ignored at a time they are most needed - Grant Jan 9, 2022
• Increase in non-COVID deaths (ages 18-64) in Indiana, India, etc. - Jan 5, 2022
• Vitamin D and COVID-19: a narrative review - Holick - Jan 4, 2022
• Two times less likely to test positive for COVID if vitamin D level more than 55ng, etc. – Dec 31, 2021
• Vitamin D and COVID - Davies, Benskin (Dark Horse video with transcript) - Dec 27, 2021
• Ivermectin taken before COVID decreased death rate by 68 percent (3,000 with Ivermectin vs 3,000 without) - Dec 24, 2021
• The Vitamin D Receptor is associated with many health problems perhaps SARS-COV-2 as well
• Dr. McCullough on COVID-19: vaccine problems, home treatment – video, transcript – Dec 13, 2021
• Far fewer vaccination antibodies against Omicron - Dec 14, 2021
• Did HIV help Omicron evolve - Dec 10, 2021
• COVID-19 death increased 2X if low Vitamin D (less than 10 to less than 30 ng) – 21st meta-analysis Dec 2021
• Most COVID patients had sticky blood platelets (Omega-3 helps) - Dec 2021
• 16,000 Physicians and Scientists Agree Kids Shouldn’t Get COVID Vaccine - Dec 15, 2021
• Florida A.G. recommends Vitamin D, Zinc, Quercetin, etc. to reduce risk of COVID - Dec 12, 2021
• Vitamin D and a Dr. in Israel - Campbell video and transcript - Dec 11, 2021
• Epstein-Barr Virus probably causes Long-COVID, CFS, and MS - many studies
• Pfizer knew of 290 kinds of COVID vaccine problems
• Vaccinated have HIGHER infection rates than unvaxxed (UK age 30-70) - Dec 9, 2021
• Rapid Vitamin D Delivery May Result in Better COVID Outcomes - Dec 9, 2021
• 11,321 Breakthru COVID cases in Massachusetts last week (fully vaccinated) - Dec 7, 2021
• COVID vaccines produce blood antibodies, not the needed mucosal antibodies - Dec 7, 2021
  • also has several Vitamin D & COVID videos
• Coronaviruses evolve faster with vaccinations, expect more beyond Omicron - Nov 30, 2021
• Omega-3 decreases heart disease and COVID: Harris and Patrick, video and transcript - Dec 2021
• COVID is also associated with low Vitamin K - many studies
• Compulsory COVID Interventions do not work (400 studies - GreenMed Info) Dec 1, 2021
• Vitamin D loading doses quickly and safely raise levels – meta-analysis Dec 2021
• Real Anthony Fauci - book synopsis by Masterjohn Dec 3, 2021
• Large dose of calcifediol or vitamin D up to 15 days before COVID hospitalization reduced death rates (1.5X, 1.3X) – Dec 2021
• COVID-19 infection risk 2X higher in vaccinated than previously infected (28,000 in Netherlands) – preprint Nov 24, 2021
• Higher COVID death rates in more obese counties - Dec 2021
• COVID Virus kept mutating for 154 days in an immunocompromised person – Dec 2020
• COVID-19 risk reduction by Vitamin D, etc. - Grassroots Health Nov 29, 2021
• Vitamin D appears to drop while fighting COVID but recover later – Nov 2021
• How obesity reduces the ability of vitamin D to fight health problems such as COVID - Nov 2021
• Vaccinated were 28 percent of cases, 23 percent of deaths (waning)- CDC Sept 2021
• 11 percent fewer COVID-19 deaths if lockdowns had allowed sunshine – Nov 2021
• Long-Haul COVID is somewhat less of a problem if vaccinated – Nov 2021
• Elderly vaccinated for COVID were 2X more likely to die of ischemic stroke (2930 vs 1180 deaths)– Nov 2021
• Younger are much less likely to die of COVID than elderly (posters) - Nov 2021
• 3.3 X more likely to die if infected with SARS-Cov-2 plus a second pathogen – meta-analysis May 2021
• Pfizer trial vaccinated 22,000: 1 COVID death prevented, but 4 died of heart attacks - Nov 2021
• Problems with vaccine use during a pandemic - Dr. Bossche 2021 - 2023
• 3,900 deaths within 2 weeks of 2nd vaccination in Sweden - Nov 18, 2021
• Discussion of COVID and 50 ng of Vitamin D (video and transcript)– Dr. Campbell Nov 17, 2021
• Vaccine definition by the CDC seems to now include Vitamin D - Sept 2021
• US is buying 5 billion dollars of Pfizer COVID pills (10 million dollars of Vitamin D might do as well) - Nov 2021
• Vaccination immunity is waning - Fauci - Nov 14, 2021
• Low Vitamin D etc. more than 3 months after COVID hospitalization – Sept 2021
• Bill Gates admits COVID-19 vaccines don't stop viral transmission - Nov 5, 2021
• COVID, influenza, hepatitis B, measles, etc. vaccine responses vary with Vitamin D and its receptor
• 2X more male teens died than normal in England this summer (perhaps vaccination) - Oct 2021
• Vaccine passports expire in 6 months in Israel, but not (yet) in the US - Oct 2021
• COVID probably fought by Vitamin D, might need 50 ng - Dr. Patrick Nov 8, 2021
• COVID-19 risk reduced by vitamin D supplementation – umbrella review of 7 meta-analysis – Oct 2021
• Perhaps 3X more likely to catch COVID-19 in a group (church) in Nov 2021 than Nov 2020
• Vaccination effectiveness dropped from 83 percent to ZERO after 9 months (Sweden, preprint) – Oct 2021
• COVID natural Immunity is most likely better than vaccination immunity- literature review by Masterjohn - Oct 2021
• COVID winter is coming again in Northern US, Canada, Europe, Russia - Nov 2021
• French recommended 200,000 IU of Vitamin D to stop COVID-19 - Jan 2021
• COVID-19 severity associated with 3 vitamin D genes – Oct 2021
• Vitamin D was the only supplement that fought COVID-19 (out of 6) – Oct 2021
• Colin Powell died of COVID-19 (he had 4 risk factors for low vitamin D) – Oct 18, 2021
• https://vdmeta.com/
  
• COVID-19 treated by Vitamin D (example: ICU reduced by 5X) – 20th meta-analysis Oct 13, 2021
• COVID-19 and Vitamin D (42 studies, consensus) – Oct 2021
• Vitamin D was a top COVID-19 treatment at 4 hospital groups - May 2021
  • ~ 83,000 patients
• COVID-19 and Vitamin D - Wikipedia Oct 10, 2021
• COVID-19 risk reduction by early treatment: 5X Vitamin D – Oct 8, 2021
• Dr. McCullough on COVID-19: vaccine problems, home treatment – video, slides, transcript – Oct and Dec 2021
• COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities associated with the type of Vitamin D Receptor – Oct 2021
• COVID-19 and Vitamin D – expert consensus and guidelines (Annweiler, behind paywall) – Oct 2021
• Pfizer vaccine half as effective as Moderna after 6 months (fading or Delta) - Mayo preprint Aug 2021
• Severe COVID-19 2.5 X more likely if low vitamin D (23 studies) – 19th meta-analysis Oct 2021
• COVID-19 cases vs. vaccination (counties and countries) - Sept 2021
• 7 Symptoms predictive of COVID-19 (from 1,000,000 in UK) – Oct 2021
• Emergency treatments if get COVID-19 symptoms - Oct 2021

Many clinical trials are underway which are testing Vitamin D to fight COVID-19