Low Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Long COVID Syndrome in COVID-19 Survivors
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 18;108(10):e1106-e1116. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad207.
Luigi di Filippo 1, Stefano Frara 1, Fabrizio Nannipieri 2, Alice Cotellessa 3, Massimo Locatelli 3, Patrizia Rovere Querini 4, Andrea Giustina 1
Long COVID with neurocognitive symptoms had low Vitamin D initially and 6 months later
Context: Long COVID is an emerging syndrome affecting 50% to 70% of COVID-19 survivors that still lacks predicting factors.
Objective: Due to the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, we retrospectively assessed the association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and long COVID in COVID-19 survivors 6 months after hospitalization.
Methods: Long COVID was defined according to NICE guidelines. Fifty long COVID and 50 non-long-COVID subjects matched on a 1:1 basis were enrolled from an outpatient clinic post-COVID cohort seen from August to November 2020. Therapies/comorbidities affecting calcium/vitamin D/bone metabolism, and/or admission to the intensive care unit during hospitalization were exclusion criteria. 25(OH) Vitamin D was measured at hospital admission and 6 months after discharge.
Results: We observed lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels, evaluated at follow-up, in subjects with long COVID than those without (20.1 vs 23.2 ng/mL, P = .03). Regarding the affected health areas evaluated in the entire cohort, we observed lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels in those with neurocognitive symptoms at follow-up (n = 7) than those without (n = 93) (14.6 vs 20.6 ng/mL, P = .042). In patients presenting vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), both at admission and at follow-up (n = 42), those affected by long COVID (n = 22) presented lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up than those not affected (n = 20) (12.7 vs 15.2 ng/mL, P = .041). In multiple regression analyses, lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels at follow-up were the only variable significantly associated with long COVID in our cohort (P = .008, OR 1.09, CI 1.01-1.16).
Conclusion: COVID-19 survivors with long COVID have lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than matched patients without long COVID. Our data suggest that vitamin D levels should be evaluated in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. The role of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive strategy of COVID-19 sequelae should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
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69+ VitaminDWiki pages have LONG-HAUL or LONG-COVID in the title
Items found: 70
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How vitamin D benefits normal organs and Long-COVID organs – Jan 2025 |
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12 Dec, 2024 |
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Brain Plasticity improves the brain, helps Long-COVID - several studies |
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17 Oct, 2024 |
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Long-COVID and Vitamin D - several studies |
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05 Aug, 2024 |
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Long-COVID fatigue, anxiety, and cognition treated by 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly – RCT July 2024 |
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29 Jul, 2024 |
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Some early Long-COVID symptoms persist for at least 3 years in US veterans – May 2024 |
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02 Jul, 2024 |
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Inflammation causes low iron, which triggers long-COVID – March 2024 |
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04 Apr, 2024 |
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Long-COVID 3.1 X more likely if insufficient amounts of Magnesium and Vitamin D – March 2024 |
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24 Mar, 2024 |
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Long-COVID a month shorter if more than 20 ng of Vitamin D - Jan 2024 |
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31 Jan, 2024 |
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Hypothesis: Both Long COVID and Vaccine Injury are caused by Spike Protein, proposed detox – Nov 2023 |
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24 Nov, 2023 |
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Long-COVID: Vitamin D was the only statistically significant factor - Oct 2023 |
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31 Oct, 2023 |
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Long COVID with Neuro-Cognitive symptoms had especially low vitamin D levels – Sept 2023 |
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19 Sep, 2023 |
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The ONLY Solution to Long COVID (Vitamin D) - video and transcript Sept 2023 |
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12 Sep, 2023 |
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Long-COVID can hide in the body for years in scores of locations – Sept 2023 |
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09 Sep, 2023 |
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One in five people with long COVID can no longer work (Doctors in this case) - Sept 2023 |
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02 Sep, 2023 |
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Number of people with long COVID could be vastly underestimated - Aug 2023 |
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01 Sep, 2023 |
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Long-COVID associated with 37 poor genes (no Vitamin D genes) – July 2023 |
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03 Aug, 2023 |
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COVID, Long-COVID and Vitamin D in children - Review April 2023 |
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09 Jul, 2023 |
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Fasting may reduce inflammation and long-COVID - June 2023 |
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11 Jun, 2023 |
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The US believes you have long-COVID if you have more than 12 points (no treatment yet) - May 2023 |
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COVID, Long COVID, and Vitamin D – May 2023 |
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2nd COVID infection increases the risk of Long-COVID - 2022 |
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Vitamin D might also help the Long-COVID older adult – Jan 2023 |
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Long-COVID fatigue reduced by Vitamin C and l-Arginine in one month– RCT Nov 2022 |
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Adrenal, Long-COVID and Vitamin D - several studies |
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31 Oct, 2022 |
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Long Covid, Short Magnesium - Chambers April 2022 |
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30 Oct, 2022 |
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Fatigue and other long-haul problems appear to be associated with low Magnesium - Chambers Oct 2022 |
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Long-COVID symptoms in 10 Percent of women 3 months after infection (22 countries) – Oct 2022 |
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Long-COVID is now the biggest COVID concern - many studies |
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Epstein-Barr Virus probably causes Long-COVID, CFS, and MS - many studies |
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Anti-oxidants and Long-Covid (Mg, Glutamate, Butyrate, etc) – Sept 2022 |
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and long-haul COVID-19 |
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Over Two Million Americans Aren’t Working Due to Long-COVID - Aug 2022 |
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Long-COVID: often had not been hospitalized - May 2022 |
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COVID virus persists in most body tissues (Long-COVID) - 2022 |
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Long-COVID in VitaminDWiki |
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LONG-COVID may be permanent in 1 in 200 of people infected – July 2022 |
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Long-Haul more prevalent among seniors - June - 2022 |
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Long-Haul can now be claimed a work disability in the UK – June 2022 |
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Half as much Long-Haul with Omicron - June 2022 |
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COVID Spike persists in Long Haul - June 2022 |
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1 in 5 Americans who got COVID had Long-Haul for a while - CDC May 2022 |
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Hypothesis: 2 long-haul COVIDs: had mild symptoms and had needed ICU - April 2022 |
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15 Apr, 2022 |
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COVID Long-Haul at 49 weeks: overactive immune system, type O blood - March 2022 |
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Mild Long-Haul 4.2 X more likely if type O blood - preprint March 16, 2022 |
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COVID Long-Haul NYT - Feb 2022 |
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Some COVID-19 infection become COVID Long-Haul - Nov 2020 |
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Long-haul COVID-19 blood tests at Mayo include vitamin D (but no results published) – July 2021 |
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20 Jul, 2021 |
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Most people with Long-Haul COVID-19 have low Vitamin D – July 2021 |
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15 Jul, 2021 |
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‘Long haul’ COVID rehab worse than cancer rehab, CDC – July 2021 |
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Long-Haul COVID-19 occurred to 1 in 20 who had been asymptomatic (a study of 2 million with COVID-19) – June 2021 |
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15 Jun, 2021 |
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COVID-19 Long haul - excellent graph - systematic review May 26, 2021 |
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26 May, 2021 |
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COVID-19 vaccines look good in the short term, but probably not good for the long term |
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29 Apr, 2021 |
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Long-haul COVID-19 - another hint that Vitamin D should help - Dec 2020 |
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16 Apr, 2021 |
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Probably fewer long-haul COVID-19 problems when rejuvenated immune system (Vitamin D, etc.)– Dec 2020 |
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21 Feb, 2021 |
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Long-haul fatigue, etc. common after viral infections (SARS1,2, MERS, Swine, 1918,...) |
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Long-distance truck drivers more likely to get COVID-19 (perhaps UVA)- July 2020 |
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