Higher bone density years later if mother had gotten just 1,000 IU vitamin D daily while pregnant – RCT Sept 2024

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Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition September 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.09.014

Background
Findings from the MAVIDOS trial demonstrated a positive effect of gestational cholecalciferol supplementation on offspring bone mineral density (BMD) at age 4 years. Demonstrating persistence of this effect is important to understanding whether maternal vitamin D supplementation could be a useful public health strategy to improving bone health.

Objective
We investigated whether gestational vitamin D supplementation increases offspring BMD at 6-7 years in an exploratory post-hoc analysis of an existing trial.

Methods
In the MAVIDOS randomised controlled trial, pregnant females <14 weeks’ gestation with a singleton pregnancy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] 25-100nmol/l at three UK hospitals (Southampton, Sheffield and Oxford) were randomised to either 1000 IU/day cholecalciferol or placebo from 14-17 weeks gestation until delivery. Offspring born at term to participants recruited in Southampton were invited to the childhood follow-up at 4 and 6-7 years. The children had a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic discovery) scan of whole-body-less-head (WBLH) and lumbar spine, from which bone area [BA], bone mineral content [BMC], BMD and bone mineral apparent density [BMAD]) were derived. Linear regression was used to compare the two groups adjusting for age, sex, height, weight, duration of consumption of human milk and vitamin D use at 6-7 years.

Results
454 children were followed up at age 6-7 years, of whom 447 had a usable DXA scan. Gestational cholecalciferol supplementation resulted in higher WBLH BMC (0.15 SD, 95%CI 0.04, 0.26), BMD (0.18 SD, 95%CI 0.06,0.31), BMAD (0.18 SD, 95%CI 0.04,0.32) and lean mass (0.09 SD, 95%CI 0.00,0.17) compared to placebo. The effect of pregnancy cholecalciferol on bone outcomes was similar at ages 4 and 6-7 years.

Conclusions and relevance
Supplementation with cholecalciferol 1000 IU/day during pregnancy resulted in greater offspring BMD and lean mass in mid-childhood versus placebo in this exploratory post-hoc analysis. These findings suggest that pregnancy vitamin D supplementation may be an important population health strategy to improve bone health.
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VitaminDWiki - 13 studies in both categories Bone and Pregnancy

This list is automatically updated

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VitaminDWiki - Pregnancy category contains

942 items in Pregnancy category

 - see also

• Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D
• Number of articles in both categories of Pregnancy and:Dark Skin 30;   Depression 21;   Diabetes 45;   Obesity 18;  Hypertension 44;   Breathing 37;  Omega-3 46;  Vitamin D Receptor 25 Click here for details
• All items in category Infant/Child 868 items
• Pregnancy needs at least 40 ng of vitamin D, achieved by at least 4,000 IU – Hollis Aug 2017
• 38+ papers with Breastfed etc, in the title
• Call to action – more Vitamin D for pregnancies, loading doses are OK – Holick Aug 2019
• 53+ preeclampsia studies
• 94+ studies with PRETERM in the title
• Fertility problem (PCOS) reduced by vitamin D, etc: many studies 15+
• 94+ Gestational Diabetes
• Caesarean birth much more likely if low Vitamin D - many studies 15+ studies
• Post-partum depression and low Vitamin D - many studies 15+ studies
• Stillbirth reduced by Vitamin D, Zinc, Omega-3 - several studies 5+ studies
• Search VitaminDWiki for "Assisted reproduction" 33 items as of Aug 2022
• Fertility and Sperm category listing has 146 items along with related searches
• (Stunting OR “low birth weight” OR LBW) 1180 items as of June 2020
• Less labor pain if higher level of vitamin D – August 2021
• Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D
• Ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby - take Vitamin D before conception
  

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VitaminDWiki – Healthy pregnancies need lots of vitamin D contains

Most were taking 2,000 to 7,000 IU daily for >50% of pregnancy
   Click on hyperlinks for details

Problem	Vit. D Reduces	Evidence
0. Chance of not conceiving	3.4 times	Observe
1. Miscarriage	2.5 times	Observe
2. Pre-eclampsia	3.6 times	RCT
3. Gestational Diabetes	3 times	RCT
4. Good 2nd trimester sleep quality	3.5 times	Observe
5. Premature birth	2 times	RCT
6. C-section - unplanned	1.6 times	Observe
Stillbirth - OMEGA-3	4 times	RCT - Omega-3
7. Depression AFTER pregnancy	1.4 times	RCT
8. Small for Gestational Age	1.6 times	meta-analysis
9. Infant height, weight, head size      within normal limits		RCT
10. Childhood Wheezing	1.3 times	RCT
11. Additional child is Autistic	4 times	Intervention
12.Young adult Multiple Sclerosis	1.9 times	Observe
13. Preeclampsia in young adult	3.5 times	RCT
14. Good motor skills @ age 3	1.4 times	Observe
15. Childhood Mite allergy	5 times	RCT
16. Childhood Respiratory Tract visits	2.5 times	RCT

RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial