For 40+ years Cardiovascular problems associated with low Magnesium

• Sudden Death and Ischemic Heart Disease: Correlation With Hardness of the Local Water Supply. 1969, New England Journal of Medicine
  People who died suddenly had far lower levels of Magnesium than those who died in accidents
• PubMed search for magnesium (heart OR cardiac) 7879 items as of Dec 2018
• Meta-analysis of magnesium therapy for the acute management of rapid atrial fibrillation. 2007
• Intravenous magnesium for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane 2007
• Magnesium prevents cardiovascular events – Meta-analysis March 2013
• Signs of low Magnesium (heart problems in this case) – Jan 2018
• Magnesium deficiency increases cardiovascular disease – 2018
• (Arrhythmia OR “atrial fibrillation”) AND Magnesium 548 items as of Dec 2018
• Overview Magnesium and vitamin D
• CLICK HERE for diseases which can be prevented/treated by Magnesium, Vitamin D, or BOTH
  The following is a table from that page as of Oct 2011

Magnesium and Vitamin D are synergistic, that is, increasing one helps the other.

	Magnesium	not Magnesium
Vitamin D	Magnesium or Vitamin D Aging, Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease; Asthma, Attention Deficit Disorder; Autism, Cancer, Cerebrovascular, Chronic Fatigue, Diabetes, Hearing Loss, Heart Disease. Heart Attack, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disease, HIV, AIDS; Hypertension; Kidney Stones, Migraine Headache, Multiple Sclerosis, Obesity, Osteoporosis; Peripheral vascular disease; Pregnancy-related problems,Rheumatoid Arthritis; Sports-related problems,	Vitamin D only Acne, Allergy, Autoimmune, Bone, Breathing, Celiac, Cognition, Colds and Flu, Cystic Fibrosis, Dental, Fertility, Hyperparathyroid, Immunity, Kidney, Liver, Lupus, Osteoarthritis, Pain - chronic, Parkinson, Psoriasis, Rickets, Strokes, Sarcoidosis, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Tuberculosis, Vision, Hair, Skin, Sports
Not Vitamin D	Magnesium only Aggressive Behavior, Alcoholism, Arrhythmia, Cerebral Palsy, Chemical Sensitivity, Cluster Headaches; Cocaine-related Stroke; Constipation, Cramps, Fluoride Toxicity; Head Injuries, Central Nervous System Injuries, Magnesium Deficiency; Menopause, Mitral Valve Prolapsee, Nystagmus, Psychiatric Disorders; Repetitive Strain Injury, Sickle Cell Disease, SIDS, Stress, Stuttering, Tetanus; Tinnitis, Sound Sensitivity; TMJ; Toxic Shock; Violence	Neither ALL OTHER DISEASES

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Items in both VitaminDWiki categories of Cardiovascular and Magnesium:

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See also: VitaminDWiki and Web

• Atrial Fibrillation - remineralize your heart - Aug 2015 free ebook
• Magnesium for Atrial Fibrillation, Myth or Magic? Editorial Sept 2016
  •  Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
• Cost effectiveness of antiarrhythmic medications in patients suffering from atrial fibrillation doi: 10.1007/s40273-013-0028-7
  "Within antiarrhythmic drug treatments, magnesium added onto ibutilide was shown to be more cost effective than ibutilide alone"
• Ablation does not reduce atrial fibrillation (CABANA study) but Magnesium does – June 2018
• Treating arrhythmias with adjunctive magnesium: identifying future research directions - April 2017
  •  Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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Items in both categories Cardiovascular and Omega-3 are listed here:

Note: Increasing intake does not change Omega-3 index much if consume lots of Omega-6

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Atrial Fibrillation: Vitamin D genes, etc

Afib 1.8 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Binding Protein
Genetically deprived vitamin D exposure predisposes to atrial fibrillation - 2017
Europace. 2017 Dec 1;19(suppl_4):iv25-iv31. doi: 10.1093/europace/eux312.
Chan YH1, Yiu KH1,2, Hai JJ1, Chan PH1, Lam TH3, Cowling BJ3, Sham PC4, Lau CP1, Lam KS2,5, Siu CW1,2, Tse HF1,2.
In VitaminDwiki as Atrial Fibrillation strongly associated with some vitamin D binding protein – Dec 2017
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

AIMS: Low vitamin D level is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and may be implicated in its pathogenesis.

METHODS AND RESULTS:
We studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vitamin D mechanistic pathways and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in an age- and gender-matched case-control study (controls without AF: mean age 68.6 ± 8.7 years, female 25%; n = 1019; with AF: mean age 69.7 ± 9.5 years, female 30%; n = 156) recruited from a Chinese clinical cohort of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Twelve SNPs involved in the vitamin D mechanistic pathways were studied [biosynthetic: rs4646536, rs10877012, rs3829251, rs1790349; activation: rs2060793, rs1993116; vitamin D-binding protein (VBP)/group-specific component (GC): rs4588, rs7041, rs2282679, rs1155563; and vitamin D receptor: rs1544410, rs10735810]. A genetic risk score (GRS) (0-8) was constructed from SNPs associated with serum 25(OH)D as a proxy to lifelong vitamin D-deficient state.
All 4 SNPs involved in the VBP/GC were significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D (rs4588, P < 0.001; rs2282679, P < 0.001; rs7041, P = 0.011; rs1155563, P < 0.001; all other SNPs, P > 0.05). Vitamin D GRS (points 0-8) generated from these 4 SNPs was independently predictive of serum 25(OH)D [B = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.79; P < 0.001]. Genetically deprived vitamin D status as denoted by a low GRS (0-3) independently predicted an increased risk of AF, compared to a high GRS (4-8) (odds ratio = 1.848, 95% CI 1.217-2.805; P = 0.004).

CONCLUSION: Genetically deprived vitamin D exposure predisposes to increased AF among patients with coronary artery disease. Whether VBP/GC may alter the risk of AF via alternative mechanisms warrants further studies.

Vit D Binding Protein category listing has 128 items along with related searches

Note: Vitamin D Binding Protein problems are NOT noticed by Vitamin D blood test

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• Afib probability increased by 2.5X if > 100 ng of vitamin D (high Vitamin D decreases Magnesium)
  • Vitamin D Council review of study
• Atrial fibrillation and low vitamin D: both types of AF are very low – Jan 2014
• Atrial Fibrillation 1.3 times more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2016
• Afib increase by 3X for the 1 in 16 people having poor genes (example of health problem) – Aug 2018
• Getting Vitamin D before heart surgery prevented Afib in those who had been deficient – July 2018

Cardiovascular category in VitaminDWiki starts with the following

415 items In Cardiovascular category

• Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
• Hypertension and vitamin D
• Overview Metabolic Syndrome and vitamin D
• Overview Stroke and vitamin D
• Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
• Peripheral Arterial Disease 3.7 X more likely in diabetics with low vitamin D – June 2019
• Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018

Meta-analyses

• Heart Failure and Vitamin D meta-analyses - 2016, 2019
• Cardiovascular death 1.5X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – 22nd meta-analysis Nov 2019
• Vitamin D supplementation reduces many Cardiovascular Disease markers– meta-analysis July 2018

Omega-3 Helps

• Cardiovascular Prevention with Omega-3 (finally using high doses) – Sept 2019
• Higher Omega-3 index (4 to 8 percent) associated with 30 percent less risk of coronary disease (10 studies) July 2017

A poor Vitamin D Receptor can block Vitamin D in blood from getting to tissues

• Heart Failure 15X more likely if poor VDR, even if good level of vitamin D (China) – March 2019
• Coronary Artery Disease without diabetes 5 times more likely if VDR gene problems – meta-analysis May 2016

Cholesterol, Statins

• Cholesterol is needed to produce both Vitamin D and Cortisol
• Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
• Statins and vitamin D statins often reduce levels of vitamin D
• Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019

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