Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Improving Glucose Homeostasis and Preventing Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2136
Jennifer C. Seida MPH1, Joanna Mitri MD2, Isabelle N. Colmers MSc1, Sumit R. Majumdar MD1,3, Mayer B. Davidson MD4, Alun L. Edwards MD5, David A. Hanley MD5, Anastassios G. Pittas MD2, Lisa Tjosvold MLIS1, and Jeffrey A. Johnson PhD1
1Alliance for Canadian Health Outcomes Research in Diabetes, University of Alberta, Edmonton;
2Tufts Medical Center, Boston;
3Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton;
4Charles R Drew University, Los Angeles;
5University of Calgary, Calgary
Context:
Observational studies report consistent associations between low vitamin D concentration and increased glycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes, but results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are mixed.
Objective:
To systematically review RCTs that report on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis or diabetes prevention.
Data Sources:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment, and Science Citation Index from inception to June 2013.
Study Selection:
Trials that compared vitamin D3 supplementation with placebo or a non-vitamin D supplement in adults with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes.
Data Extraction and Synthesis:
Two reviewers collected data and assessed trial quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random effects models were used to estimate mean differences (MD) and odds ratios (OR). The main outcomes of interest were HOMA–IR, HOMA–B, hemoglobin A1c levels, fasting blood glucose, incident diabetes, and adverse events.
Data Synthesis:
Thirty-five trials (43,407 patients) with variable risk of bias were included. Vitamin D had no significant effects on insulin resistance (HOMA–IR: MD, -0.04; 95%CI, -0.30 to 0.22, I2=45%), insulin secretion (HOMA–B: MD, 1.64; 95%CI, -25.94 to 29.22, I2=40%), or A1c (MD, -0.05%; 95%CI, -0.12 to 0.03, I2=55%) compared with controls. Four RCTs reported on progression to new diabetes and found no effect of vitamin D (OR, 1.02; 95%CI, 0.94 to 1.10, I2=0%). Adverse events were rare, and there was no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusions:
Evidence from available trials shows no effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on glucose homeostasis or diabetes prevention. Definitive conclusions may be limited in the context of the moderate degree of heterogeneity, variable risk of bias, and short-term follow-up duration of the available evidence to date.
PDF is attached at the bottom of this page
Only noticed 3 studies which lasted long enough (> 4 months) which also used enough vitamin D (>4,000 IU) for the average adult
Unfortunately, they were for studies of OBESE adults - who need 8,000 - 12,000 IU
See also VitaminDWiki
Overview Diabetes and vitamin D contains the following summary
- Diabetes is 5X more frequent far from the equator
- Children getting 2,000 IU of vitamin D are 8X less likely to get Type 1 diabetes
- Obese people get less sun / Vitamin D - and also vitamin D gets lost in fat
- Sedentary people get less sun / Vitamin D
- Worldwide Diabetes increase has been concurrent with vitamin D decrease and air conditioning
- Elderly get 4X less vitamin D from the same amount of sun
Elderly also spend less time outdoors and have more clothes on - All items in category Diabetes and Vitamin D
523 items: both Type 1 and Type 2 Vitamin D appears to both prevent and treat diabetes
- Appears that >2,000 IU will Prevent
- Appears that >4,000 IU will Treat , but not cure
- 90% less T2 Diabetes in the group having lots of Vitamin D
- Appears that Magnesium is needed for both Prevention and Treatment
Number of articles in both categories of Diabetes and:
'This list is automatically updated''- Dark Skin
24 ; Intervention 56 ; Meta-analysis 36 ; Obesity 33 ; Pregnancy 42 ; T1 (child) 38 ; Omega-3 11 ; Vitamin D Receptor 23 ; Genetics 12 ; Magnesium 27 Click here to see details Some Diabetes studies
- Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes – only Vitamin D had high quality studies – meta-analysis Sept 2022
- Diabetic inflammation synergistically decreased by Vitamin D and exercise – RCT June 2022
- Incidence of Type-2 Diabetes increased 3X in 30 years (by the way, Vitamin D helps) – July 2022
- Vitamin d treats Type II Diabetes in many ways (14 article review) - Sept 2021
- Diabetes 30 percent more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis of 47 studies – July 2021
- Diabetes helped somewhat by weekly 50,000 IU of vitamin D (5 ways to improve) – RCT Aug 2021
- Diabetes prevented by 50,000 IU vitamin D monthly (Iran) – Jan 2022
- Most Diabetics getting 40,000 IU of vitamin D weekly did not get to 30 ng (needed gut-friendly form) - RCT June 2020
50 ng of Vitamin D fights Diabetes
- Saudi study defines normal Vitamin D level to be 50 to 70 ng (diabetes, etc.) - June 2020
- Diabetes 5X less likely if more than 50 ng of Vitamin D – April 2018
T1 Diabetes
- T1 Diabetes 3X lower risk if high vitamin D (over 40 ng) – Meta-analysis Nov 2020
- Type 1 Diabetes is prevented and treated by Vitamin D – review of 16 studies – Sept 2019
- Type 1 Diabetes prevention with Vitamin D and Omega-3 – Symposium April 2019
Pre-Diabetes
- 4X reduction in prediabetes progressing to T2D if more than 50 ng of vitamin D – RCT March 2023
- Prediabetes reduced by weekly 60,000 IU of Vitamin D – RCT Jan 2021
- Prediabetes 1.5 X more likely to go away if take Vitamin D – meta-analysis July 2020
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Magnesium - many studies
Pages listed in BOTH the categories Diabetes and Meta-analysis
- Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes – only Vitamin D had high quality studies – meta-analysis Sept 2022
- Magnesium fights diabetes (yet again)– meta-analysis Nov 2021
- Insulin Resistance is associated with low Vitamin D (both diabetic and non-diabetic) – meta-analysis May 2021
- Diabetic Neuropathy 2.8X higher risk if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2021
- Prediabetes 1.5 X more likely to go away if take Vitamin D – meta-analysis July 2020
- Gestational diabetes risk reduced 1.5X by Vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2021
- Gestational Diabetes – increased risk if poor Vitamin D Receptor – 2 Meta-Analyses 2021
- T1 Diabetes 3X lower risk if high vitamin D (over 40 ng) – Meta-analysis Nov 2020
- Low Magnesium associated with diabetes, etc. – meta-analysis 2016
- Vitamin D reduced only the systolic blood pressure in T2DM – Meta-analysis April 2019
- Vitamin D helps Diabetic Nephropathy kidneys – meta-analysis April 2019
- Vitamin D treats Gestational Diabetes, decreases hospitalization and newborn complications – meta-analysis March 2019
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer 3.2 X or 3.6 X more likely if low vitamin D – several meta-analyses
- Prediabetes treated by Vitamin D (34 ng, 3500 IU per day) – meta-analysis May 2018
- Diabetics helped by vitamin D in 5 ways – meta-analysis June 2018
- Diabetes treated and prevented by more than 2,000 IU of vitamin D (need more and gut-friendly) - meta-analyses 2018
- Gestational Diabetes 39 percent more likely if insufficient Vitamin D – Meta-analysis March 2018
- Diabetic inflammation reduced by Vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2018
- Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) 1.6 X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 2018
- Hyperglycemia associated with low vitamin D – type II diabetics and healthy people – meta-analysis Jan 2018
- Diabetes helped by daily 4,000 IU of Vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2017
- Diabetic nephropathy (Kidney problem) 1.8 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis July 2017
- Diabetic Retinopathy twice as likely if a T2 Diabetic has low level of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- Diabetic Retinopathy 2 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis Nov 2016
- Magnesium is associated with prevention and treatment of Diabetes – Meta-analysis Aug 2016
- Diabetic Retinopathy 27 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2016
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 1.5X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Oct 2015
- Diabetes not prevented by Vitamin D (when you ignore how much vitamin D was taken) – Sept 2015
- Diabetics are 2.7 X more likely to get peripheral neuropathy if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2014
- Diabetes not prevented or treated if give only modest amount of vitamin D or for short period of time – meta-analysis July 2014
- Type 2 diabetes 1.5X more likely if low vs high vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2013
- 4 percent less type 2 diabetes for every 4 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2013
- Vitamin D receptor gene associated with 50 percent more type 2 Diabetes – meta-analyses 2013, 2016
- Metabolic Syndrome in children is associated with low vitamin D – review Jan 2013
- Gestational diabetes 60 percent more likely below 20 ng of vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2012
- Diabetes down 13 percent if more than 500 IU of vitamin D – meta-analysis July 2011
Diabetes not prevented or treated if give only modest amount of vitamin D or for short period of time – meta-analysis July 20144608 visitors, last modified 26 Jul, 2014, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
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