Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Disease
In Vivo September-October 2018 vol. 32 no. 5 977-981, 10.21873/invivo.11338
ALKIPPI NITSA1,2, MARINA TOUTOUZA2, NIKOLAOS MACHAIRAS1, ANARGYROS MARIOLIS3, ANASTASSIOS PHILIPPOU1 and MICHAEL KOUTSILIERIS1 mkoutsil at med.uoa.gr
1 Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
2 Biochemistry & Microbiology Laboratory, Hipokrateion Hospital, Athens, Greece
3 Health Center, National Health System, Areopolis, Greece
Cardiovascular category starts with the following
Cardiovascular category is associated with other categories: Diabetes 31, Omega-3 31 , Vitamin K 25 , Intervention 22 . Mortality 20 , Skin - Dark 18 , Magnesium 17 , Calcium 14 , Hypertension 14 , Trauma and surgery 13 , Stroke 13 , Kidney 12 , Metabolic Syndrome 11 , Seniors 10 , Pregnancy 8 as of Aug 2022
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Cardiovascular Disease is treated by Vitamin D - many studies 39+ meta-analyses
- Coronary Artery Disease and Vitamin D - many studies 18+
- Cardiovascular problems reduced by Omega-3 - many studies 34+
- Arteries and Atherosclerosis and Vitamin D - many studies 71+
- Atrial Fibrillation decreased by Vitamin D or Magnesium - many studies 26+
- Statins and Vitamin D - many studies 25+
- Arterial Stiffness and Vitamins – only Vitamin D was found to help – meta-analysis Feb 2022
- Those raising Vitamin D above 30 ng were 1.4 X less likely to die of Heart Attack (VA 19 years) – Oct 2021
- Giving free vitamin D to every Iranian would pay for itself by just reducing CVD – Oct 2021
- Sudden Cardiac Arrest – 2.8 X higher risk if low vitamin D – 2019
- Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
- Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Cardiovascular disease 2.3 X more-likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Aug 2022
Cholesterol, Statins
- Cholesterol is needed to produce both Vitamin D and Cortisol
- Overview Cholesterol and vitamin D
- Statins and Vitamin D - many studies statins often reduce levels of vitamin D
- Statin side-effects are reduced by Vitamin D – US patent Application – April 2019
Pages listed in BOTH the categories Cardiovascular and Meta-analysis
- Little Vitamin D does not reduce risk of CVD – RCT meta-analysis Dec 2023
- COVID Vaccinations increased risk of cardiac deaths in youths by 19% - Aug 2023
- Afib 40% less likely after heart by-pass if have enough Vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2023
- Risk of heart failure increased 1.4X if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2022
- USPSTF says no evidence that Vitamins prevent CVD or Cancer (data disagrees) Aug 2022
- CAD patients with low vitamin D were 1.6 X more likely to die – 27th meta-analysis Aug 2022
- Recurrrent Cardiovascular deaths cut in half if 10 ng more Vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2021
- Statin pain reduces Vitamin D levels by 4 ng ( 9 studies) - Meta-analysis July 2021
- Arterial stiffness reduced if use at least 2,000 IU of Vitamin D for 4 months – meta-analysis Dec 2019
- Blood vessels not helped by small vitamin D doses – meta-analysis Dec 2019
- Cardiovascular death 1.5X more likely if less than 20 ng of Vitamin D – 22nd meta-analysis Nov 2019
- Vitamin D supplementation reduces many Cardiovascular Disease markers– meta-analysis July 2018
- Low-dose vitamin D does not help cardiovascular (many were 100-1,000 IU) – meta-analysis June 2019
- Heart Failure and Vitamin D meta-analyses - 2016, 2019
- Vitamin K (across all dose sizes and types) decrease Vascular Stiffness – meta-analysis - Dec 2018
- Small or infrequent doses of vitamin D do not reduce heart failure much – meta-analysis Jan 2018
- Peripheral arterial disease risk is 1.5X higher if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2018
- Omega-3 reduced time in hospital and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery – meta-analysis May 2016
- Cardiovascular deaths 12 percent less likely if have 10 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- Health problems prevented by eating nuts (perhaps due to Magnesium and or Omega-3) – meta-analysis Dec 2016
- Atrial Fibrillation 1.3 times more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2016
- Coronary Artery Disease without diabetes 5 times more likely if VDR gene problems – meta-analysis May 2016
- Chronic Heart Failure not treated by Vitamin D, if dose size is ignored – meta-analysis Oct 2015
- Atrial fibrillation sometimes treated by Omega-3 – meta-analysis Sept 2015
- Peripheral Arterial Disease patients have low vitamin D levels – meta-analysis Oct 2015
- C-reactive protein (heart disease marker) reduced by vitamin D – meta-analysis 2014, 2019
- Cardiovascular disease associated with postmenopausal non-human primates – meta-analysis Jan 2015
- Adding Calcium does NOT cause cardiovascular problems (reverses their meta-analysis) – Dec 2014
- Statin pain associated with 10 ng less vitamin D – meta-analysis Oct 2014
- Risk of Cardiac failure reduced 20 percent by 800 IU of vitamin D and Calcium – meta-analysis July 2014
- Magnesium prevents cardiovascular events – Meta-analysis March 2013
- Cardiovascular disease 50 % more likely if low vitamin D - meta-analysis Nov 2012
- Omega-3 does not help heart patients – meta-analysis Sept 2012
- Half as many heart deaths for those with high levels of vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2012
- Shift workers 23 percent more likely to have cardiovascular events – meta-analysis July 2012
- Low density lipoprotein cholesterol is predictable from vitamin D levels – meta-analysis March 2012
- 800 IU Vitamin D does not help heart – meta-analysis Aug 2011
- Calcium without vitamin D increased heart risk by 30 percent - Jan 2011
- Meta-analysis unsure if vitamin D can prevent cardiovascular disease – Sept 2010
Pages listed in BOTH the categories Intervention and Cardiovascular
- Cardiovascular events – need more than monthly 60,000 IU vitamin D to prevent other than infarction – June 2023
- High dose vitamin D fights Folate gene changes by COVID, autoimmune, CVD, ALZ – Oct 2022
- 3,200 IU of daily not help much in population already having 30 ng of Vitamin D – RCT Jan 2022
- Atrial Fibrillation risk reduced by 0.84 in those raising Vitamin D levels above 30 ng – RCT April 2022
- Monthly vitamin D helped hearts with low vitamin D a bit (need it more frequently) – RCT March 2022
- 50,000 IU of vitamin D weekly following cardiac failure helps – RCT 2014
- 50,000 IU of Vitamin D weekly for 9 weeks did not improve CVD – Aug 2018
- Cardiovascular risk markers not helped by 20,000 IU of vitamin D weekly – RCT May 2018
- Heart attack ICU costs cut in half by Vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Hypertension not controlled by 26 ng of Vitamin D (50,000 IU bi-weekly A-A) – RCT Nov 2017
- Heart Failure not helped by Vitamin D (several strange things about the trial) – RCT May 2017
- Chronic Heart Failure reduced by 4,000 IU daily for a year – RCT April 2016
- Cardiovascular death reduction in dark skin migrants by just 1,000 IU of vitamin D – May 2015
- Heart failure markers reduced by 400 IU of vitamin D and Calcium (surprise) – RCT Jan 2015
- Angina dramatically reduced by injections of vitamin D twice a month (300,000 IU) – Jan 2015
- Salmon intervention (vitamin D and Omega-3) improved heart rate variability and reduced anxiety – Nov 2014
- 1700 IU vitamin D for a year provided no cardiovascular benefit (no surprise) – RCT Oct 2014
- Seniors with Heart Failure helped by daily 4,000 IU of vitamin D (increase 16 ng) – RCT Aug 2014
- Hearts responded to stress better after 5,000 IU of vitamin D for a month - March 2014
- More blood was pumped by those getting 800,000 IU of vitamin D after heart failure – RCT Oct 2013
- Off Topic: EDTA similar reduction in heart attack as Vitamin C, aspirin and Mg – RCT March 2013
- Chronic Heart Failure helped with 2,000 IU of vitamin D (PRA reduced) – RCT June 2013
- 4000 IU vitamin D daily for just 5 days reduced inflammation after heart attack – RCT Jan 2013
- Congestive heart failure in infants virtually cured by 1000 IU of vitamin D – RCT Feb 2012
- Chance of death after heart failure reduced by 1000 IU of vitamin D – Feb 2012
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
Cardiovascular disease is the prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, affecting many millions of individuals every year. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition that involves different cell types, several cytokines and adhesion molecules, is the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is known to control skeletal patho/physiology, regulating calcium and phosphorus and bone remodeling along with other calcium-regulating hormones. However, several active metabolites of vitamin D can exert both direct action, mainly via vitamin D3 receptor trans-activation and indirect actions on several other tissues by an endocrine, autocrine and paracrine manners. With regard to cardiovascular disease, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with activation of the pro-inflammatory mechanism, promoting atherogenesis. There are several large-scale clinical studies, as well as meta-analyses that support this finding.
However, it is still unclear whether the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level can be used as a biomarker for future cardiovascular disease. Herein we review the studies reporting a causative role for vitamin D in cardiovascular disease.
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