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Calcium supplements go to muscle, not bone, unless have enough Vitamin K – Feb 2019

The Bone—Vasculature Axis: Calcium Supplementation and the Role of Vitamin K

Grzegorz B. Wasilewski1,2, Marc G. Vervloet3 and Leon J. Schurgers1*
Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 05 February 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2019.00006
1 Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
2 Nattopharma ASA, Hovik, Norway
3 Dept of Nephrology and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Calcium supplements are broadly prescribed to treat osteoporosis either as monotherapy or together with vitamin D to enhance calcium absorption. It is still unclear whether calcium supplementation significantly contributes to the reduction of bone fragility and fracture risk.

Data suggest that supplementing post-menopausal women with high doses of calcium has a detrimental impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are prone to vascular calcification in part due to impaired phosphate excretion. Calcium-based phosphate binders further increase risk of vascular calcification progression.

In both bone and vascular tissue, vitamin K-dependent processes play an important role in calcium homeostasis and it is tempting to speculate that vitamin K supplementation might protect from the potentially untoward effects of calcium supplementation.

This review provides an update on current literature on calcium supplementation among post-menopausal women and CKD patients and discusses underlying molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification.

We propose therapeutic strategies with vitamin K2 treatment to prevent or hold progression of vascular calcification as a consequence of excessive calcium intake.

Conclusions
To date, calcium supplements are the most commonly used non-prescription drug to treat age-related bone loss. Also, in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease, calcium-based phosphate binders are commonly prescribed.
However, the rising concern of side-effects from calcium supplementation illustrates a clinical dilemma: supplementation of calcium—either with or without vitamin D—comes at the price of increased risk of vascular calcification.
Clinical studies demonstrate that increased intake of vitamin K could be a promising complementary nutrient in supporting both bone health and protecting vascular calcification.
Thereby it can increase safety of current treatments of osteoporosis and provide an escape from the calcium paradox.
Future clinical trials should be carried out to confirm the feasibility of such combination.


Created by admin. Last Modification: Tuesday February 12, 2019 01:58:28 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 6)

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11368 Ca P Vit K.jpg admin 12 Feb, 2019 69.42 Kb 929
11367 K muscle bone.jpg admin 12 Feb, 2019 42.10 Kb 1471
11366 Ca supplements.jpg admin 12 Feb, 2019 71.29 Kb 914
11365 Bone Vit K.pdf admin 12 Feb, 2019 346.57 Kb 617