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87 percent of children with COVID–19 had low vitamin D (small study) – Feb 2021

Comprehensive Clinic, Laboratory and Instrumental Evaluation of Children with COVID-19: A 6-Months Prospective Study

J Med Virol. 2021 Feb 11. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26871.
Sara Isoldi 1 2, Saverio Mallardo 1, Alessia Marcellino 1, Silvia Bloise 1, Anna Dilillo 1, Donatella Iorfida 1, Alessia Testa 1, Emanuela Del Giudice 1, Vanessa Martucci 1, Mariateresa Sanseviero 1, Antonio Barberi 1, Massimo Raponi 1, Flavia Ventriglia 1, Riccardo Lubrano 1

Objectives: To perform a comprehensive clinic, laboratory and instrumental evaluation of children affected by COVID-19.

Methods: Children with a positive result of nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 underwent laboratory tests, anal and conjunctival swab, electrocardiography, lung, abdomen and cardiac ultrasound. 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed if abnormal basal blood pressure. Patients were followed-up for 6 months.

Results: 316 children were evaluated; 15 were finally included. Confirmed family member SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in all. 27% were asymptomatic. Anal and conjunctival swabs tests resulted negative in all. Patients with lower BMI presented significantly higher viral loads.
Main laboratory abnormalities were:

  • LDH increasing (73%),
  • low vitamin D levels (87%)
  • hematuria (33%),
  • proteinuria (26%),
  • renal hyperfiltration (33%) and
  • hypofiltration (13%).

Two of the patients with hyperfiltration exhibited high blood pressure levels at diagnosis, and persistence of a prehypertension at 6-month follow-up. No abnormalities were seen at ultrasound, excepting for one patient who exhibited B-lines at lung sonography. IgG seroconversion was observed in all at 1-month.

Conclusions: Our study confirm that intra-family transmission is important. The significant higher viral loads recorded among patients with lower BMI, together with low vitamin D levels, support the impact of nutritional status on immune system. Renal involvement is frequent even among children with mild COVID-19, therefore prompt evaluation and identification of patients with reduced renal function reserve would allow a better stratification and management of patients. Seroconversion occurs also in asymptomatic children, with no differences in antibodies titer according to age, sex and clinical manifestations.


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Created by admin. Last Modification: Friday February 12, 2021 15:07:12 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 3)