Adherence to Vitamin D Intake Guidelines in the United States
Alan E. Simon and Katherine A. Ahrens
Pediatrics June 2020, 145 (6) e20193574; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-3574
Items in both categories Infant-Child and Deficiency are listed here:
- Only 3.4% of Portuguese children get vitamin D supplements (good dose taken weekly costs only 50 cents) – May 2024
- Nutrient consumption – only 7% of recommended DRV of Vitamin D (German Children in this case) – Jan 2024
- Vitamin D recommended for infants by 98% of Belgian pediatricians - 2024
- Respiratory infection, children and Vitamin D - many studies
- Depressed infants have very low Vitamin D (7.5 ng) – June 2023
- 94 percent of children with Chronic Neurological Diseases had low vitamin D – April 2023
- Vitamin D Deficiency in children in SE Asia – Oct 2022
- 24 Vitamin D global guidelines for children, huge diversity – Sept 2022
- Half of infants had less than 20 ng of Vitamin D with 800 IU (need more) – RCT Sept 2022
- Poor children were 2X more-likely to be vitamin D deficient (Ireland) – July 2022
- Vitamin D levels in new borns are so low that they are considering supplementing to prevent Rickets (Japan) – July 2022
- Newly diagnosed Children with Cancer have low vitamin D, especially if black - May 2022
- Arctic school children in Russia: only 1 in 11 has more than 30 ng of Vitamin D – April 2022
- Majority of South Asian children and youths have low vitamin D (85 pcnt of neonates) – March 2022
- Half of Mongolian schoolchildren have less than 10 ng of vitamin D – Nov 2021
- 93 percent of US children had less than 40 ng of vitamin D a decade ago – Oct 2021
- 73 percent of US infants still do not even get 400 IU of Vitamin D - June 2020
- Recurrent Wheezing in children is associated with low Vitamin D – several studies
- Children with low Vitamin D slept 1 hour less, had 1 hour later bedtimes – July 2020
- Respiratory viral infection (RSV) and low vitamin D - many studies
- Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants reduced 5.9 X by daily 600 IU of vitamin D (China) - March 2020
- Germany raised Vitamin D RDA to 800 IU - helped infants, but not children (who need even more) – June 2019
- Turkey needs to give Vitamin D to children too (infants get D for free) – June 2019
- Preemies still have low vitamin D at age 6 – Oct 2019
- Children in Mongolia helped by 800 IU of Vitamin D (need a lot more) – RCT Oct 2019
- Teeth from 19th century London indicate that most children were Vitamin D Deficient - Oct 2019
- Obesity 3X more likely in US children having low vitamin D – July 2019
- Allergic Rhinitis in infants treated by 1,000 IU vitamin D daily – June 2019
- Vitamin D levels have been crashing since 1995 (Polish Children, Elite Military, etc)
- Child exposed to smoke is 1.5 X more likely to have low vitamin D – Oct 2018
- Children need vitamin D - good global overview, poor recommendations for Italian children - May 2018
- Reasons for children having low vitamin D (proposed by 10 societies) - May 2018
- Both parents smoke – child’s vitamin D level was 30 percent lower and worse asthma – May 2018
- Vitamin D needed to get children to just 20 ng in winter 800 IU white skin, 1100 IU dark (Sweden) – RCT June 2017
- Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric critical illness: Time to move on from observational studies – Nov 2016
- Many US kids have less than 40 ng of Vitamin D – 99 out of 100 blacks, 91 out of 100 whites – Jan 2017
- Children in Intensive Care need Vitamin D loading dose of 10000 IU per kg (nearing a consensus) - Oct 2016
- 3X increase in UK children who are vitamin D deficient in just 5 years – Nov 2015
- 3X more kids were vitamin D deficient when entering UK hospitals than 4 years before – Oct 2014
- 93% of newborns of military in Hawaii had low vitamin D – March 2013
- Giving vitamin D to ALL children reduced (rickets) symptoms by 60 percent – Aug 2012
- 83 percent of children had less than 20 ng of vitamin D – 15 ng avg for hispanic – Aug 2012
- Death of Babies in UK due to vitamin D deficiency – Jan 2012
- Low D in developing countries – less than 5 ng in some children in China – Oct 2010
- Very short children were very low on vitamin D and Calcium – Aug 2010
- Obama task force told that childhood Obesity linked to Vitamin D Deficiency – Aug 2010
Infant-Child category has
- No consensus on MINIMUM International Units (IU) for healthy infant of normal weight
- 400 IU Vitamin D is no longer enough
Was OK in the past century, but D levels have been dropping for a great many reasons.
FDA doubles the amount of vitamin D permitted in milk – July 2016 - No consensus: range is 600 to 1600 IU – based on many randomized controlled trials
- Review of 400 IU to 2000 IU daily and higher if non-daily
- Fewer pre-infants were vitamin D deficient when they got 800 IU – RCT Feb 2014
- 1600 IU was the conclusion of three JAMA studies
1000 IU recommended in France and Finland – 2013 - appears to be a good level - 5X less mite allergy after add vitamin D
- Child bone fractures with low vitamin D were 55X more likely to need surgery
- 75 % of SIDS had low vitamin D
- Children stayed in ICU 3.5 days longer if low vitamin D – Dec 2015
- 5 out of 6 children who died in pediatric critical care unit had low vitamin D – May 2014
- Infants have gotten free 400 IU of vitamin D in Turkey since 2005, More for longer would be even better – Feb 2022
- Preemies should have vitamin D supplements – reaching an agreement – April 2021
- Vitamin D loading dose was as effective as daily dosing (rickets in this case) – RCT July 2021
Having a good level of vitamin D cuts in half the amount of:
- Asthma, Chronic illness, Doctor visits, Allergies, infection
Respiratory Tract Infection, Growing pains, Bed wetting
Need even more IUs of vitamin D to get a good level if;
- Have little vitamin D: premie, twin, mother did not get much sun access
- Get little vitamin D: dark skin, little access to sun
- Vitamin D is consumed faster than normal due to sickness
- Older (need at least 100 IU/kilogram, far more if obese)
- Not get any vitamin D from formula (breast fed) or (fortified) milk
Note – formula does not even provide 400 IU of vitamin D daily
Infants-Children need Vitamin D
- Sun is great – well known for 1,000’s of years.
US govt (1934) even said infants should be out in the sun - One country recommended 2,000 IU daily for decades – with no known problems
- As with adults, infants and children can have loading doses and rarely need tests
- Daily dose appears to be best, but monthly seems OK
- Vitamin D is typically given to infants in the form of drops
big difference in taste between brands
can also use water-soluable form of vitamin D in milk, food, juice, - Infants have evolved to get a big boost of vitamin D immediately after birth
Colostrum has 3X more vitamin D than breast milk - provided the mother has any vitamin D to spare - 100 IU per kg of infant July 2011, Poland etc.
More than 100 IU/kg is probably better 854 items in the category Infant/Child See also - 34 pages in VitaminDWiki had BREASTFE*in title as of Jan 2022
- "BIRTH DEFECTS" 172 items as of July 2016
- Stunting OR “low birth weight” OR LBW OR preemie OR preemies OR preterm 1940 items as of Oct 2018
- 153 VitaminDWiki pages contained PRETERM or PREEMIE in title as of Nov 2024
- "SUDDEN INFANT DEATH" OR SIDS 214 items as of Dec 2020
- Overview of Rickets and Vitamin D
- Youth category listing has
175 items along with related searches - Down's syndrome and low vitamin D - several studies
- Rett syndrome associated with low vitamin D, treated by Omega-3
Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki
BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) revised its infant vitamin D intake guidelines in 2008. We aimed to examine previously unexplored trends in meeting vitamin D intake guidelines among US infants since 2009 and whether there were differences across demographic subgroups.
METHODS: We analyzed dietary recall data for infants 0 to 11 months in the 2009–2016 NHANES. We estimated the percentage meeting 2008 AAP vitamin D guidelines, defined as consuming ≥1 L of infant formula and/or receiving a vitamin D supplement of ≥400 IU. We used Poisson regressions to assess trends over time and differences across demographic subgroups.
RESULTS: Overall, 27.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.3%–29.8%) of US infants in 2009–2016 met vitamin D intake guidelines, with nonbreastfeeding infants (31.1% [95% CI: 27.6%–34.5%]) more likely to meet guidelines than breastfeeding infants (20.5% [95% CI: 15.4%–25.5%]; P < .01). From 2009–2010 to 2015–2016, overall and for both breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding infants, there were no significant changes over time in the percentage of infants who met the guidelines (P > .05). Among breastfeeding infants, those with a family income ≥400% of the federal poverty level, with a college graduate head of household, and with private insurance were more likely to meet guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: Among US infants, we observed no increase in meeting AAP vitamin D intake guidelines since 2009. Less than 40% of infants met guidelines in nearly all demographic subgroups. These findings suggest renewed consideration of how to best meet vitamin D intake guidelines.
73 percent of US infants still do not even get 400 IU of Vitamin D - June 2020Printer Friendly Follow this page for updates3309 visitors, last modified 05 Oct, 2021, This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Attached files
ID Name Uploaded Size Downloads 14115 400 IU daily.jpg admin 05 Aug, 2020 40.22 Kb 309 14114 Adherence to Vitamin D Intake Guidelines in the United States.pdf admin 05 Aug, 2020 794.46 Kb 394