Vitamin D status of Irish adults: findings from the National Adult Nutrition Survey.
Br J Nutr. 2012 Aug 10:1-9.
Cashman KD, Muldowney S, McNulty B, Nugent A, Fitzgerald AP, Kiely M, Walton J, Gibney MJ, Flynn A.
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
Previous national nutrition surveys in Irish adults did not include blood samples; thus, representative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) data are lacking. In the present study, we characterised serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Irish adults from the recent National Adult Nutrition Survey, and determined the impact of vitamin D supplement use and season on serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Of the total representative sample (n 1500, aged 18+ years), blood samples were available for 1132 adults. Serum 25(OH)D was measured via immunoassay. Vitamin D-containing supplement use was assessed by questionnaire and food diary. Concentrations of serum 25(OH)D were compared by season and in supplement users and non-users.
Year-round prevalence rates for serum 25(OH)D concentration < 30, < 40, < 50 and < 75 nmol/l were 6·7, 21·9, 40·1 and 75·6 %, respectively (11·1, 31·1, 55·0 and 84·0 % in winter, respectively).
Supplement users had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to non-users. However, 7·5 % of users had winter serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l. Only 1·3 % had serum 25(OH)D concentrations >125 nmol/l.
These first nationally representative serum 25(OH)D data for Irish adults show that while only 6·7 % had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l (vitamin D deficiency) throughout the year,
40·1 % had levels considered by the Institute of Medicine as being inadequate for bone health.
These prevalence estimates were much higher during winter time. While vitamin D supplement use has benefits in terms of vitamin D status, at present rates of usage (17·5 % of Irish adults), it will have only very limited impact at a population level. Food-based strategies, including fortified foods, need to be explored.
See also VitaminDWiki
- Vitamin D review from Ireland - April 2012 another paper by Cashman full text
- Review of vitamin D recommendations – April 2012 another paper by Cashman
- Calcidiol may be 5X more effective than Vitamin D3 – June 2012 another paper by Cashman
- Less than 18 percent of Irish take vitamin D, and 76 percent have less than 30 ng – April 2013 by Cashman
- Other mentions of Cashman in VitaminDWiki 716 by April 2021