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1.4 X more likely to die if both vitamin D and vitamin K are low - Aug 2020


Combined low vitamin D and K status amplifies mortality risk: a prospective study

European Journal of Nutrition https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02352-8
Adriana J. van Ballegooijen <1> • Joline W. J. Beulens <2> • Lyanne M. Kieneker <3> • Martin H. de Borst <4> • Ron T. Gansevoort <5> • Ido P. Kema <6> • Leon J. Schurgers <7> • Marc G. Vervloet <8> <9> • Stephan J. L. Bakker <10>
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Objective To explore the association of both plasma vitamin D and K concentrations with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events in the general population.

Methods We studied 4742 participants of the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-Stage Disease (PREVEND) Study. At baseline, vitamin D and K status was determined by measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP), respectively. Patients were categorized into: 25(OH)D < 50 or > 50 nmol/L and dp-ucMGP < 361 or > 361 pmol/L with 25(OH)D > 75 nmol/L and dp-ucMGP < 361 pmol/L as reference. Cause of death was coded according to International Classification of Diseases 9&10 codes from the 2001-2003 examination until date of death/event or censoring date (January 1st, 2017).

Results Mean age was 52.6 ± 11.9 years and 2513 (53%) were female. During a median of 14.2 year follow-up, 620 participants died of which 142 were due to cardiovascular causes.
Combined low vitamin D and K status was present in 970 participants (20%) and was associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to high vitamin D and high vitamin K status group (n = 1424) after adjusting for potential confounders: hazard ratio 1.46 (95% confidence intervals 1.12-1.90). We observed similar trends, albeit non-significant for cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events: 1.42 (0.79-2.55), 1.28 (0.93-1.77), respectively.

Conclusions Combined low vitamin D and K status are associated with increased all-cause mortality risk and possibly with cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events compared with adequate vitamin D and K status. Future studies should investigate the effect of combined vitamin D and K supplementation on clinical outcomes.
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VitaminDWiki - items in both categories Vitamin D and Mortality


VitaminDWiki - Some all-cause Mortality

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Created by admin. Last Modification: Tuesday February 8, 2022 04:00:30 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 7)

Attached files

ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads
17019 Vit D vs Vit K.jpg admin 08 Feb, 2022 97.93 Kb 218
17018 Call cause mortality D&K.jpg admin 08 Feb, 2022 42.12 Kb 288
17017 K@SU nil Ballegooijen2020_Article_CombinedLowVitaminDAndKStatusA.pdf admin 08 Feb, 2022 759.24 Kb 191